水环境生物监测的发展方向与核心技术

徐东炯<sup>1; 4</sup>; 张咏<sup>2</sup>; 徐恒省<sup>3</sup>

引用本文:	徐东炯，张咏，徐恒省.水环境生物监测的发展方向与核心技术[J].环境监控与预警,2013,5(6):9-11
	XU Dong jong, ZHANG Yong, XU Heng xing.Development Ｄirection and Ｃore Ｔechnology in Ｂiological Ｍonitoring of Ｗater Ｅnvironment[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2013,5(6):9-11

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水环境生物监测的发展方向与核心技术
徐东炯，张咏，徐恒省^1,2
1. 常州市环境监测中心，江苏常州 213001;2. 江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京 210036

摘要:

水环境生物监测是环境监测的重要内容，它应重点说清环境胁迫的生物效应。简述了总量管理、流域管理、风险管理、生态管理等环境管理对水环境生物监测有迫切需求，应引入“生态系统健康”、“生物完整性”、“环境胁迫”、“全排水毒性”等现代环境生物监测的基本概念，建立水环境生物监测技术发展的理论基础，发展生物完整性、综合毒性等监测与评价核心技术；革新现行监测方法体系，建立包括QA/QC、快速方法等支持系统在内的现代水环境生物监测业务化方法体系；创新评价技术体系，建立水环境生态健康评价及综合毒性评价指标体系、基准及分级管理标准，确立水环境质量管理的生物学目标。

关键词: 水环境生物监测；技术

DOI：

分类号:X830.7

文献标识码:A

基金项目:国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项基金资助项目（2012ZX07506—003）；江苏省环境监测科研基金资助项目（1313）；常州市科技支撑计划（社会发展）基金资助项目（CE20125009）

Development Ｄirection and Ｃore Ｔechnology in Ｂiological Ｍonitoring of Ｗater Ｅnvironment

XU Dongjong, ZHANG Yong, XU Hengxing^1,2

1. Changzhou Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213001, China;2. Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210036, China

Abstract:

Aquatic biological monitoring could explain the biological effects of environmental stress，which was an important part of environmental monitoring. Currently, there are imperious demands for biological monitoring in water environment by environment management, including the total emission management, watershed management, risk management, ecological management and so on. However, the theory and technical system was not consummate. In our opinion, three key steps had to do. Firstly, the basic conception of “ecosystem health”, “biological integrity”, “environmental stress” and “whole effluent toxicity” should be introduced, and establishing our own theoretical foundation and core technical system focusing on biological integrity and comprehensive toxicity. Then, existing monitoring methodology should be innovated by modern and popular monitoring technology, including quality assurance and quality control (QA / QC) and rapid methods. These techniques could be used for daily monitoring. Finally, aquatic health assessment technique and biological goals for water environment quality management should be created, and biological metrics, scoring criteria and management standard needed to be constructed.

Key words: water environment biological monitoring technique