| 摘要: |
| 为分析考核断面污染来源,明确考核断面水质浓度超标原因,本研究以四川眉山彭山区毛河流域为例,在考量水文情势变化和污染源空间分布的基础上,构建区域水环境数学模型,利用污染贡献通量和等标污染负荷比具体分析不同超标时期污染源影响权重。结果表明：(1)毛河流域城镇生活污染对COD和NH4+-N入河量的贡献最大,占比分别为52.14%和50.74；养殖业对TP入河量贡献最大,占比为51.32%。(2)毛河流域一维非稳态模型模拟结果显示,各时期COD、NH4+-N和TP的模拟误差PBIAS≤25%,与实际较为吻合。(3)溢流影响期彭山城区污染源对桥江桥断面水质的影响最大,水质影响权重分别为COD 67.2%、NH4+-N 67.3%、TP 51.7%；降雨明显期与溢流影响期污染特性相似,但强降雨的稀释作用使得考核断面水质监测数据未超标；灌溉退水期主要污染为农业污染,通济堰灌区对桥江桥断面TP的影响权重最大,达37.6%。 |
| 关键词: 水质评价 污染溯源 水环境数学模型 影响权重 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X824 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（面上项目，重点项目，重大项目） |
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| Characterization of Pollutant Distribution and Traceability Study in the Mao River Basin |
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| Abstract: |
| The Mao River Basin in the Pengshan District of Meishan, Sichuan Province was used as an example to analyse pollution traceability comprehensively and accurately. The weight of pollution sources during different periods was analysed by establishing a mathematical model of the basin water environment and considering changes in hydrological conditions and the spatial distribution of pollution sources. This was done using pollution contribution fluxes and equivalent pollution load ratios. The results indicate that: (1) Pollution from urban living in the Mao River basin is the main contributor to COD and NH4+-N river inflow, accounting for 52.14% and 50.74%, respectively. This pollution is mainly located in the old urban area of Pengshan. Farming is the main contributor to the amount of TP in the river, accounting for 51.32%, and is distributed in Tongji Weir Irrigation District and other pollution source areas. Industrial pollution sources contributed the least to the amount of COD, NH4+-N and TP in the river, accounting for no more than 2%. The simulation results of a one-dimensional non-stationary model in the Mao River Basin showed that the simulation errors of COD, NH4+-N and TP in each period were PBIAS ≤ 25%, which was more consistent with the actual values. (3) During the overflow influence period, the pollution sources in Pengshan urban area have the greatest impact on the water quality of the Qiaojiangqiao section. The weights of water quality influence are 67.2% for COD, 67.3% for NH4+-N, and 51.7% for TP, respectively. The pollution characteristics during the rainfall obvious period and overflow influence period are similar. However, the dilution effect of heavy rainfall means that the water quality monitoring data does not exceed the standard. During the irrigation recession period, the primary source of pollution is agricultural. The Tongji Weir irrigation area contributes the most to the total pollution (37.6%) at the Qiaojiangqiao section. |
| Key words: water quality evaluation pollution source analysis water environment mathematical model Influencing weight |
