| 摘要: |
| 为了解胶州湾富营养化水平及变化规律，评估环境治理对水质的影响，本研究采用富营养化指数法、有机污染指数法对2010-2023年间胶州湾海域监测数据进行统计，分析水体富营养化水平、变化趋势及与环境因子的关系，基于调查结果提出对策和建议。结果表明：2023年胶州湾海域达到或优于二类海水水质的点位占比为80%，水质良好；富营养化指数范围为0.04～21.31，未富营养化的点位占比为82.5%，说明胶州湾富营养化程度较低；从季节变化来看，夏秋季节海域富营养化程度相对较高。从有机污染来看，4月份水质最好，未出现受污染水域，8月份水质相对较差，受污染点位占比为22.5%。从趋势变化来看，2010-2023年，无机氮、活性磷酸盐每年的点位达标率均呈现波动上升的趋势，富营养化指数变化呈下降趋势，未富营养化海域点位比例变化呈上升趋势。海水富营养化的主要影响因子为无机氮和活性磷酸盐，富营养化指数与无机氮和活性磷酸盐呈显著的正相关关系，且与盐度、pH呈负相关，盐度越高富营养化指数越低，表明富营养化主要与陆源污染有关。14年间，胶州湾水质明显改善，水环境的改善与环境治理措施密切相关。 |
| 关键词: 胶州湾 富营养化 有机污染 时空分布 趋势分析 |
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| 基金项目:青岛市环保专项资金支持 |
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| Analysis of Seasonal and Multi-year Variation of Eutrophication Level in Jiaozhou Bay from 2010 to 2023 |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the eutrophication level and change rules of Jiaozhou Bay, the eutrophication index method and organic pollution index method were used to analyze the monitoring data of Jiaozhou Bay from 2010 to 2023.The results showed that The proportion of Class I and Class II seawater of Jiaozhou Bay reached 80% in 2023. The eutrophication index of Jiaozhou Bay ranged from 0.04 to 21.31 in 2023, and the proportion of non-eutrophication sites was 82.5%, indicating that the eutrophication degree of Jiaozhou Bay was low. The eutrophication degree was relatively high in summer and autumn. From the point of view of organic pollution, the water quality in April was the best and the water quality in August was relatively poor, the proportion of polluted points was 22.5% in August. From 2010 to 2023, the annual point compliance rate of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate showed a fluctuating and increasing trend, the change of eutrophication index showed a decreasing trend, and the change of point proportion of non-eutrophication sea area showed an increasing trend.The main influencing factors of seawater eutrophication were inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate.The eutrophication index was positively correlated with inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate , and it was negatively correlated with salinity and pH .From 2010 to 2023,the water quality of Jiaozhou Bay had improved obviously, and environmental treatment measures played an important role in improving water quality. |
| Key words: Jiaozhou bay Eutrophication level Organic pollution Spatial and temporal distribution Trend analysis |
