| 摘要: |
| 探析伊宁城区水土环境中有氧条件下可培养菌的分布和耐药情况。于2023年11月无菌采集地表水和土壤样本各20份，经倍比稀释后，将其分别接种于无菌和含有10种不同抗菌药物的牛肉膏蛋白胨琼脂固体培养基中，在有氧条件下常规培养24 h后，采用平板菌落计数法和革兰氏染色法进行细菌计数、形态观察、染色性和耐药性分析。检测结果显示，地表水中细菌总数在1.64×104~4.31×107个/mL，其中G+占比在10%~50%，G-在50%~90%，球菌占比10%~40%，杆菌在60%~90%；土壤中细菌总数在6.24×105~4.05×109个/g，其中G+占比在20%~70%，G-在30%~80%，球菌占比10%~60%，杆菌40%~90%。在40份水土样品中，37份样品存在对1~10种抗菌药物的耐药菌株，其耐药率在30%以上的药物由高到低依次为头孢克肟（70%）、克林霉素（70%）、头孢呋辛酯（67.5%）、氨苄西林（65%）、阿莫西林（60%）、米诺环素（57.5%）、多西环素（50%）和氟苯尼考（35%）。由此可知，伊犁城区部分区域水土环境中存在细菌分布不均衡和广泛耐药的现象，这将为保护当地微生态平衡和防止耐药菌扩散提供数据。 |
| 关键词: 伊宁市 水土环境 革兰氏染色 细菌分布 耐药性 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X835 |
| 基金项目:伊犁师范大学大学生创新创业训练计划项目(X202310764014)；新疆维吾尔自治区天池英才引进计划-领军人才(2024TCYCCXLJ02)；伊犁哈萨克自治州科技计划项目(YJC2023A26) |
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| The Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Bacteria in the Soil and Water Environment of Yining Urban Area |
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SHE Yifan, LIU Jingjing, YAN Mingming, REN Zhenxin
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College of Biological Science and Technology,Yili Normal University,Yining
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| Abstract: |
| This study investigates the distribution and antibiotic resistance of culturable bacteria under aerobic conditions in the soil and water environments of Yining urban area. In November 2023, a total of 20 water samples and 20 soil samples were aseptically collected. After serial dilution, the samples were inoculated onto sterile beef extract peptone agar and agar supplemented with 10 different antibiotics. The samples were cultured under aerobic conditions for 24 hours, followed by bacterial colony counting, morphological observation, Gram staining, and antibiotic resistance analysis. Results indicated that the total bacterial count in water samples ranged from 1.64×104 to 4.31×107 CFU/mL, with Gram-positive bacteria (G+) accounting for 10% to 50%, Gram-negative bacteria (G-) for 50% to 90%, cocci for 10% to 40%, and bacilli for 60% to 90%. In soil samples, the total bacterial count ranged from 6.24×105 to 4.05×109 CFU/g, with G+ accounting for 20% to 70%, G- for 30% to 80%, cocci for 10% to 60%, and bacilli for 40% to 90%. Among the 40 water and soil samples, 37 contained strains resistant to 1 to 10 types of antibiotics, with resistance rates above 30% observed in cefixime (70%), clindamycin (70%), cefuroxime (67.5%), ampicillin (65%), amoxicillin (60%), minocycline (57.5%), doxycycline (50%), and florfenicol (35%). The findings indicate uneven bacterial distribution and widespread antibiotic resistance in parts of Yining's soil and water environments, providing data to support local microecological balance protection and the prevention of resistant bacteria spread. |
| Key words: Yining city Water and soil environment Gram staining Bacterial distribution Drug resistance |
