| 摘要: |
| 为充分了解典型工业城市—洛阳市大气VOCs污染年际变化特征、来源及健康风险,本研究选取了2020年至2022年间洛阳市VOCs在线监测数据,分析了VOCs的浓度水平、季节组分变化特征；通过OFP及SOAFP评估其环境影响,筛选出OFP及SOAFP关键组分；利用PMF分析了VOCs的主要来源；并对洛阳市大气VOCs中对人体健康影响较大的关键组分进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:(1)洛阳市大气中VOCs年均体积分数分别为2020年(37.83×10-9)>2021年(30.80×10-9)>2022年(28.99×10-9)。就组分而言,烷烃组分浓度占比最大,为31.1%～46.4%；其次为醛酮类,占比为13.2%～28.1%。洛阳市VOCs季节变化特征明显,秋、冬季VOCs体积分数显著高于春季和夏季。夏季和秋季醛酮类组分占比明显高于春季和冬季；而烷烃、烯烃组分占比则是春季和冬季显著高于夏季和秋季；芳香烃占比最高的季节为春季。(2)2020年和2022年洛阳市VOCs的OFP为151.2×10-9～296.4×10-9,对OFP贡献最大的组分别为醛酮类、芳香烃类、烯烃,三者占总OFP的78.9%～86.0%；SOAFP为0.54ug/m3～0.76ug/m3,芳香烃SOAFP占比均为最大,比值高达86.0%～95.7%(3)2020年至2022年洛阳市源解析结果表明:移动源及油品储运挥发源是洛阳市大气VOCs的主要来源,源贡献占比为40.9%～49.8%；其次为化工合成和石油炼制源,源贡献占比为22.6%～29.7%；连续三年工业溶剂挥发源的贡献比较为稳定,基本保持在5.2%～6.5%之间。(4)2020年至2022年洛阳市VOCs的非致癌慢性风险值HI分别为0.354、0.166、0.10,均小于EPA推荐的可接受风险水平(HI<1),即不存在非致癌的慢性健康风险。苯的致癌风险值为2.66×10-6～3.36×10-6,萘的致癌风险值为1.07×10-6～1.48×10-6,均存在“可能的致癌风险”；乙苯的致癌风险值为0.283×10-6～0.420×10-6,致癌风险可忽略。 |
| 关键词: 挥发性有机物(VOCs)、臭氧生成潜势、二次有机气溶胶、PMF源解析、健康风险评价 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X51 |
| 基金项目:河南省科技厅科技攻关项目 |
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| Annual variation characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of atmospheric VOCs in typical industrial cities |
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Zhou Bingli1, Liu Xianhui1, Xu Yingxian1, Shen Yongfeng2
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1.Henan Luoyang Ecological Environment Monitoring Center;2.河南崇岭生态科技有限公司
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| Abstract: |
| In order to fully understand the interannual variation characteristics, sources, and health risks of atmospheric VOCs pollution in a typical industrial city - Luoyang City. This study selected online monitoring data of VOCs in Luoyang City from 2020 to 2022, and analyzed the concentration levels and seasonal component variation characteristics of VOCs. Evaluated their environmental impact through OFP and SOAFP, and selected out key components of OFP and SOAFP. The main sources of VOCs were analyzed by PMF, and the interannual differences were compared. And a health risk of atmospheric VOCs which have a significant impact on human health were assessed. The results showed that: (1) The annual average volume fraction of VOCs from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City were 37.83×10-9, 30.80×10-9 and 28.99×10-9, showing a decreasing trend year by year. The concentration of alkane components accounts for the largest proportion, ranging from 31.1% to 46.4%; Next are aldehydes and ketones, accounting for 13.2% to 28.1%. There were significant seasonal variations in VOCs in Luoyang City. The volume fraction of VOCs in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and summer. The proportion of aldehyde and ketone components was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in spring and winter; The proportion of alkanes and alkenes was significantly higher in spring and winter than in summer and autumn; The season with the highest proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons is spring. (2) The OFP of VOCs in Luoyang City ranged from 151.2×10-9 to 296.4×10-9. The groups that contribute the most to OFP were aldehydes and ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons, and olefins, accounting for 78.9% to 86.0% of the total OFP. The SOAFP values were from 0.54ug/m3 to 0.76ug/m3. The proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon SOAFP is the highest, ranging from 86.0% to 95.7%. (3) The source apportionment results from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City indicated that mobile sources and oil storage and transportation volatilization sources were the main sources of atmospheric VOCs in Luoyang City, with source contributions accounting for 40.9% to 49.8%; Next were chemical synthesis and petroleum refining sources, accounting for 22.6% to 29.7% of the total source contribution. The contribution of industrial solvent volatilization sources has remained relatively stable for three consecutive years, basically maintaining between 5.2% and 6.5%. (4) The non carcinogenic chronic risk values (HI) of Luoyang City from 2020 to 2022 were 0.354, 0.166 and 0.10, all of which were lower than the acceptable risk level recommended by EPA (HI<1), indicated that there was no non carcinogenic chronic health risk. The carcinogenic risk values for benzene were 2.66×10-6 to 3.36×10-6, and for naphthalene were 1.07×10-6 to 1.48×10-6, both indicated a "possible carcinogenic risk"; The carcinogenic risk value of ethylbenzene was 0.283×10-6 to 0.420×10-6, and the carcinogenic risk can be ignored. |
| Key words: volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ozone generation potential, secondary organic aerosols, PMF source apportionment, health risk assessment |
