| 摘要: |
| 利用锡林浩特市周边3个时期（2005,2009和2015年）的Landsat系列遥感影像，采用监督分类及人机交互解译的方法，将研究区土地利用类型分为露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地、农用地、城市建设用地和草地7类，对土地利用和土地覆被变化（Land-Use and Land Cover Change，LUCC）进行分析。结果表明，草原区露天煤矿开发对草原生态系统扰动剧烈，采矿作业区（露天采场、剥离区、排土场、矿山工业场地）的面积及占比呈上升趋势，草地的面积及占比不断减少；土地利用变化转移矩阵表明，采矿扰动因素中，排土场对LUCC影响较大，对排土场进行有效复垦，可减缓生态环境破坏速度，对保护脆弱的草原生态系统具有重要意义；提出草原露采煤炭区LUCC的遥感监测可以准确反映矿区土地利用变化的动态过程和发展趋势，为矿区生态重建提供科学支持。 |
| 关键词: 露采煤炭区 土地利用和土地覆被变化 遥感 锡林浩特市 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X508 |
| 文献标识码:A |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（D0104/41261048） |
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| Analysis on Land Use Disturbances of Surface Coal Mining in Xilinhot |
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GUAN Chunzhu， ZHANG Baolin， ZHAO Junling， LI Jiannan
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GUAN Chunzhu， ZHANG Baolin*， ZHAO Junling， LI Jiannan
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| Abstract: |
| According to Landsat images over Xilinhot acquired in 2005， 2009 and 2015， using supervised classification and human computer interactive interpretation， the land use type was divided into seven classes， i. e.， open stope， stripping area， waste dump area， mine industrial area， farmland， urban area and the original landscape. Dynamic analysis on LUCC showed that open pit coal mine in the grassland disturbed grassland ecosystem violently. The coverage and proportion of mining operation areas （open stope， stripping area， waste dump area， mine industrial field） increased， while those of the original landscape decreased continuously. The transfer matrix of land use change showed that waste dump had the largest impacts in the mining disturbance， and that the effective reclamation of waste dump areas would slow down the eco environment destruction， as would be of great significance in protecting the fragile grassland eco system. Remote sensing monitoring of open pit coal mining in grassland would accurately reflect the dynamics and trend of LUCC， as would provide scientific support for ecological reconstruction in open pit mining area. |
| Key words: Coal surface mining Land Use and Land Cover Change Remote sensing Xilinhot |
