2016—2020年济南市大气降水化学组分变化特征及来源分析

刘建军; 郭萌萌; 孙军; 高素莲

引用本文:	刘建军，郭萌萌，孙军，高素莲.2016—2020年济南市大气降水化学组分变化特征及来源分析[J].环境监控与预警,2022,14(6):64-70
	LIU Jian-jun, GUO Meng-meng, SUN Jun, GAO Su-lian.Variation Characteristics and Sources of Chemical Components of Precipitation in Jinan from 2016 to 2020[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2022,14(6):64-70

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2016—2020年济南市大气降水化学组分变化特征及来源分析
刘建军，郭萌萌，孙军，高素莲
山东省济南生态环境监测中心，山东济南 250014

摘要:

基于2016—2020年济南市城区国控点降水监测数据，应用因子分析、相关分析、富集因子分析以及正定矩阵因子分解模型（PMF）对济南市大气降水化学组分特征及来源进行了综合评价与分析。结果表明：2016—2020年济南市大气降水呈弱碱性，pH值为6.01~8.03，呈波动下降趋势；电导率（EC）为47.6~97.4μS/cm ，平均值为70.99μS/cm，远高于我国降水背景点值；济南市降水类型为硫酸、硝酸混合型降水，SO^2-₄对济南市降水酸化贡献较高；大气降水中各离子组分浓度大小排序为：NH⁺₄>Ca²⁺>SO^2-₄>NO^-₃>Cl^->Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺>F^-，主要阴、阳离子SO^2-₄和NH⁺₄浓度呈现逐年下降趋势；因子分析和相关性分析显示，各离子之间存在一定的共源性。富集因子分析结果表明，SO^2-₄、NO^-₃和Cl^-主要为人为源贡献，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和K⁺受土壤源贡献较大；PMF模型结果显示，扬尘源除了是Ca²⁺的主要贡献源外，也是NO^-₃的主要贡献源之一。二次污染源是济南大气降水无机离子的主要来源，占比为 37.88%，其次为燃煤源和扬尘源，占比分别为23.91%和22.59%。

关键词: 大气降水离子组分来源分析济南市

DOI：

分类号:X517

基金项目:黄河流域生态状况变化调查评估基金资助项目（SDGP370000000202102001816）

Variation Characteristics and Sources of Chemical Components of Precipitation in Jinan from 2016 to 2020

LIU Jian-jun, GUO Meng-meng, SUN Jun, GAO Su-lian

Shandong Jinan Center for Ecological Environment Monitoring, Jinan，Shandong 250014,China

Abstract:

Based on the data of precipitation monitoring in the state-controlled area of Jinan City from 2016 to 2020, factor analysis, correlation analysis, enrichment factor and positive definite matrix factorization (PMF) model were used to evaluate and analyze the pollution characteristics and sources of precipitation in Jinan. The precipitation in Jinan from 2016 to 2020 had been weakly alkaline, pH value ranged from 6.01 to 8.03, pH value decreased with fluctuation, and the electrical conductivity (EC) ranged from 47.6 to 97.4 μS/cm, with an average value of 70.99 μs/cm, which was much higher than the precipitation background in China. The precipitation type in Jinan is a mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the contribution of SO^2-₄to the acidification of Jinan precipitation is higher. The order of the concentrations of the ion components in the precipitation is NH⁺₄>Ca²⁺>SO^2-₄>NO^3->Cl^->Na⁺>Mg²⁺>K⁺>F^3-, the concentration of main anion and cation, SO^2-₄and NH⁺₄, decreased year by year, factor analysis and correlation analysis showed that there were some common relations among the ions. Enrichment factor indicated Cl^3-, Na⁺ and K⁺ mainly produced by human activities, while Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺and K⁺ were mainly contributed by soil. The PMF model showed that the dust source is not only the main contribution source of Ca²⁺, but also one of the main contribution sources of NO^3-. The secondary pollution source is the main source of inorganic ions in Jinan precipitation, accounting for 37.88%, followed by coal and dust, accounting for 23.91% and 22.59% respectively.

Key words: Atmospheric precipitation Ion composition Source analysis Jinan city