引用本文:李昌平,秦玮,李月娥,周民锋,缪青,魏恒,张晓华,丁黄达,汪俊峰.长三角典型城市颗粒物分布特征及健康风险评估研究[J].环境监控与预警,2024,16(6):36-41
LI Changping,QIN Wei,LI Yue'e,ZHOU Minfeng,MIAO Qing,WEI Heng,ZHANG Xiaohua,DING Huangda,WANG Junfeng.Research on the Distribution Characteristics of Particulate Matter and Health Risk Assessment in Typical City of the Yangtze River Delta[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2024,16(6):36-41
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长三角典型城市颗粒物分布特征及健康风险评估研究
李昌平1,秦玮1,李月娥1,周民锋1,缪青1,魏恒1,张晓华1,丁黄达1,汪俊峰2
1.江苏省苏州环境监测中心,江苏 苏州 215011;2.南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏 南京 210044
摘要:
于2021年1—12月,利用自动在线监测系统分析长三角典型城市苏州市城区细颗粒物(PM2.5)及其主要组分的变化特征。结果表明,观测期间苏州市ρ(PM2.5)年均值为28 μg/m3ρ(PM2.5)明显呈现冬季>春季>秋季>夏季的分布特征。总体上,有机物(OM)在PM2.5 中占比最高(28.3%),其次是硝酸盐(NO3-,23.0%)、硫酸盐(SO42-,19.4%)、铵离子(NH4+,15.6%)、元素碳(EC,4.1%)、钙离子(Ca2+,3.4%)、氯离子(Cl-,3.2%)、钠离子(Na+,1.3%)、钾离子(K+,0.9%)和镁离子(Mg2+,0.7%);ρ(NO3-)的年均值在PM2.5无机组分中占比最大,包括NH4+、NO3-和SO42- 在内的二次无机水溶性离子占比>50%。基于上述研究结果,分别采用综合暴露反应模型(IER)和全球暴露死亡率模型(GEMM)进行疾病负担评估,主要评估PM2.5 长期暴露浓度下阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、肺癌(LC)、脑卒中(Stroke)、缺血性心脏病(IHD)和下呼吸道感染(LRI)5种疾病的相对风险(RR)以及归因分数(AF)。研究发现,IER模型下5种疾病的相对风险分别是1.14,1.18,1.39,1.26及1.21,归因分数分别是12.3%, 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.6%及17.1%; GEMM模型下5种疾病的相对风险分别是1.31,1.36,1.30,1.59及1.93,归因分数分别是23.7%, 26.5%, 23.1%, 37.1%及48.2%。GEMM模型评估结果要高于IER模型评估结果(Stroke除外)。
关键词:  长江三角洲  大气细颗粒物  疾病负担  综合暴露反应模型  全球暴露死亡率模型
DOI:DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.06.006
分类号:X831
基金项目:江苏省环境监测科研基金项目(2211)
Research on the Distribution Characteristics of Particulate Matter and Health Risk Assessment in Typical City of the Yangtze River Delta
LI Changping1, QIN Wei1, LI Yue'e1, ZHOU Minfeng1, MIAO Qing1, WEI Heng1, ZHANG Xiaohua1, DING Huangda1, WANG Junfeng2
1. Jiangsu Suzhou Environmental Monitoring Center, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215011, China;2.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044,China
Abstract:
The component characteristics of PM2.5 were analysed by online monitoring systems in the urban area of Suzhou—the typical city of the Yangtze River Delta from January to December in 2021. The results showed that the annual average of PM2.5 was 28μg·m-3, showing obvious order of winter>spring>autumn >summer during the observation period. Overall, the most abundant component was organicmatter(OM, 28.3%), followed by NO3-(23.0 %), SO42-(19.4 %), NH4+(15.6%), EC(4.1%), Ca2+(3.4%), Cl-(3.2%), Na+(1.3%), K+(0.9%) and Mg2+(0.7%). On year-average, NO3- was the highest inorganic component in major PM2.5 species, and the secondary inorganic ions including NH4+, NO3- and SO42-,accounted for more than 50%. Based on the research results above, an disease burden assessment was conducted with the Integrated Exposure Respone model(IER) and Global Exposure Mortality Model(GEMM), mainly for the relative risk(RR) and the attributable fraction(AF) of the five diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), lung cancer(LC), Stroke, ischemic heart disease(IHD) and lower respiratory infection(LRI) attributed to long-term exposure to PM2.5. Results showed the relative risks of the five diseases for the IER model were 1.14, 1.18, 1.39, 1.26 and 1.21, with the attributable fractions of 12.3%, 15.3%, 28.1%, 20.6% and 17.1%, respectively. The relative risks of the five diseases for the GEMM model were 1.31, 1.36, 1.30, 1.59 and 1.93, with the attributable fractions of 23.7%, 26.5%, 23.1%, 37.1% and 48.%, respectively. The evaluation results of the GEMM model were higher than that of the IER model(except for Stroke).
Key words:  Yangtze River Delta  PM2.5  Disease burden  IER  GEEM