| 摘要: |
| 基于2014—2023年巢湖流域国家地表水环境质量监测网获取的8个巢湖点位和9个环湖河流断面的总磷（TP）逐月连续监测数据，分析了近10年巢湖流域河湖系统ρ（TP）时空变化特征。研究结果表明，从时间变化看，巢湖 ρ（TP）呈现先升后降趋势，2017年达到峰值（0.107 mg/L），2018—2020年快速下降，之后进入“波动期”，2023年ρ（TP）年均值下降至0.066 mg/L，季度变化特征表现为秋季>夏季>冬季>春季；环湖河流ρ（TP）呈下降趋势，ρ（TP）年均值由2014年的0.29 mg/L下降至2023年的0.087 mg/L，2014—2019年ρ（TP）下降幅度较大，2019年之后进入“瓶颈期”；与湖区相反，环湖河流ρ（TP）季节特征表现为春、冬季＞夏、秋季，但最高值出现在6月。从空间分布看，巢湖湖区ρ（TP）由西向东呈逐步降低的趋势，但西巢湖ρ（TP）下降幅度＞东巢湖，使西高东低的趋势明显变缓；环湖河流ρ（TP）下降幅度远大于巢湖湖区，各环湖河流ρ（TP）变化趋势各有差异；尽管巢湖西侧入湖河流治理成效显著，部分南部和东北部入湖河流ρ（TP）有上升趋势，而西侧入湖河流的ρ（TP）仍高于南侧和东北侧。巢湖流域河湖系统ρ（TP）变化趋势在一定程度上表现出联动性，为有效控制湖泊中的磷元素，建议在对西侧入湖河流持续控磷的基础上，加强对南侧、东北侧入湖河流磷元素的污染防控。 |
| 关键词: 巢湖 总磷 时空变化 聚类分析 斯皮尔曼相关系数 |
| DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.02.015 |
| 分类号:X522 |
| 基金项目:长江生态环境保护修复联合研究二期项目（2022-LHYJ-02-0602）；安徽省高等学校科学研究项目（2022AH051109） |
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| Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Total Phosphorus Concentration in Chaohu Basin During 2014—2023 |
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ZHANG Jinsong， WANG Huan， LIU Yang*， SUN Yamin， TANG Ping， CHEN Jin
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Anhui Ecological Environment Monitoring Center， Hefei， Anhui 230071， China
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| Abstract: |
| The temporal spatial variation of total phosphorus（TP） during 2014—2023 was examined in this paper based on the continuous monthly data of TP from 8 points in Chaohu Lake and 9 river sections around Chaohu Lake and the reservoir points in the Chaohu Lake Basin， monitored by the National Surface Water Environmental Quality Monitoring Network of Chaohu Lake Basin. The results show that the interannual variation of TP concentration in Chaohu Lake first increased and then decreased， reaching the peak value in 2017（0.107 mg/L）， dropping rapidly from 2018 to 2020， and entering a “fluctuation period”， with the annual average concentration dropping to 0.066 mg/L in 2023. The seasonal variation characteristics of TP concentration were autumn > summer > winter > spring. The interannual variation of TP concentration in the rivers around the lake showed a falling trend， which decreased rapidly from 2014 to 2019 and entered the “bottleneck period” after 2019， with the annual average concentration dropping from 0.29 mg/L in 2014 to 0.087 mg/L in 2023. Contrary to Chaohu Lake， the TP concentration of rivers around the lake in spring and winter was higher than in other seasons. However， the TP's highest concentration value was in June. In terms of spatial distribution， the TP concentration in Chaohu Lake decreased from west to east， but the gap gradually decreased. The decrease in TP concentration in the rivers was much greater than that in Chaohu Lake， and the variation trend of TP concentration in rivers was quite different. Although the treatment effect in the western inflowing rivers of Chaohu Lake was remarkable， the TP concentration in some southern and northeastern inflowing rivers of Chaohu Lake showed a rising trend， and the TP concentration in the western inflowing rivers of Chaohu Lake was still higher than that in the southern and northeastern inflowing rivers. The temporal and spatial variation of TP in the Chaohu Basin showed a certain degree of correlation. In order to effectively control the phosphorus in Chaohu Lake， it is suggested to strengthen the prevention and control of phosphorus pollution in the southern and northeastern inflowing rivers based on continuous control of phosphorus in the western inflowing rivers. |
| Key words: Lake Chaohu Total phosphorus Temporal-spatial variation Cluster analysis Spearman Correlation Coefficient |
