西咸新区秋冬季VOCs的污染来源及健康风险评估

曹磊; 陶亚南; 赵蓓; 何志烨; 刘娜; 马震

引用本文:	曹磊,陶亚南,赵蓓,何志烨,刘娜,马震.西咸新区秋冬季VOCs的污染来源及健康风险评估[J].环境监控与预警,2025,17(2):59-67
	CAO Lei,TAO Yanan,ZHAO Bei,HE Zhiye,LIU Na,MA Zhen.Pollution Sources and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs in Autumn and Winter in Xixian New Area[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2025,17(2):59-67

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西咸新区秋冬季VOCs的污染来源及健康风险评估
曹磊^1,2，陶亚南^1,2*，赵蓓^1,2，何志烨^1,2，刘娜^1,2，马震^1,2
1. 陕西省环境监测中心站，陕西西安 710054；2. 陕西省环境介质痕量污染物监测预警重点实验室，陕西西安 710054

摘要:

利用2021年10月1日—12月10日陕西省西咸新区（泾河大道站）95种挥发性有机物（VOCs）组分浓度数据，分析西咸新区秋、冬季VOCs污染特征，利用正定矩阵因子分解法（PMF）模型解析污染来源，并采用健康风险评估方法评估其风险。结果表明：（1）秋、冬季西咸新区VOCs体积分数均值分别为18.30×10^-9，67.05×10^-9，冬季的污染较秋季更为严重。进一步分析其中26种VOCs组分［属于美国国家环保局（US EPA）发布的有害空气污染物］发现，间/对-二甲苯、二氯甲烷、甲苯对秋季VOCs的质量浓度贡献较高，甲苯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、1，2-二氯丙烷对冬季VOCs的贡献较高。冬季大气中VOCs的平均质量浓度是秋季的8.8倍，贡献占比最大的均是芳香烃，这与排放源的差异以及气象条件的变化有关。（2）在健康风险方面，造成秋、冬季非致癌风险的主要物种分别是丙烯醛、1，2-二氯丙烷，造成致癌风险的主要物种是二氯甲烷（主要来自生物质燃烧），冬季VOCs所造成的非致癌风险和致癌风险值分别是秋季的2.8，2.7倍。源解析结果表明，生物质燃烧源是造成致癌风险及非致癌风险的最大来源，贡献比例分别为42.8%，34.2%。建议有针对性地控制可能存在健康风险的VOCs组分及生物质燃烧源的排放，以减小可能对公众健康产生的危害。

关键词: 挥发性有机物正定矩阵因子分解法健康风险源解析西咸新区

DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.02.008

分类号:X511； X820.4

基金项目:陕西省科研计划项目（ZX2022-05-27）

Pollution Sources and Health Risk Assessment of VOCs in Autumn and Winter in Xixian New Area

CAO Lei^1,2， TAO Yanan ^1,2*， ZHAO Bei^1,2， HE Zhiye^1,2， LIU Na^1,2， MA Zhen ^1,2

1. Shaanxi Environmental Monitoring Center Station， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710054， China； 2. Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Early Warning of Trace Pollutants in Environmental Media of Shaanxi Province， Xi'an， Shaanxi 710054， China

Abstract:

To study the characteristics， sources and impacts of 95 VOCs pollution on human health in autumn and winter seasons in Xixian New area， VOCs component concentration data from October 1st to December 10th， 2021 at Jinghe Avenue Station were analyzed. The PMF model and health risk assessment method were used to analyze the risks and sources. The results showed that the average volume fractions of VOCs in autumn and winter in Xixian New Area were 18.30×10^-9 and 67.05×10^-9， respectively， indicating more severe pollution during winter compared to autumn. Further analysis of 26 VOCs components（hazardous air pollutants released by the US EPA） were found m/p-xylene， dichloromethane， and toluene contributed significantly to the mass concentration of VOCs in autumn， while toluene， methyl methacrylate， and 1, 2-dichloropropane showed higher contributions during winter. The average mass concentration of VOCs in the winter was 8.8 times that of in autumn. The largest contribution was from aromatic hydrocarbons. This is related to the difference in emission sources and changes in meteorological conditions. In terms of health risks， the main species contributing to non-carcinogenic risk in autumn and winter was acrolein and 1,2-dichloropropane， and the main species contributing to carcinogenic risk were dichloromethane（mainly from biomass burning）. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk values induced by VOCs in winter exceeded those in the autumn by a factor of 2.8 and 2.7. The source apportionment indicate that biomass combustion are the largest source of carcinogenic and non carcinogenic risks， contributing 42.8% and 34.2% respectively. Therefore， it is recommended to control emissions of VOCs components that may pose health risks and biomass combustion in a targeted manner to reduce the potential harm to public health.

Key words: Volatile organic compounds PMF Health risk Source apportionment Xixian new area