| 摘要: |
| 为研究新疆生物多样性和生态系统服务关系，利用InVEST模型和修正土壤风蚀方程（RWEQ）模型分析了2000—2020年新疆食物供给、碳储存、生境质量和防风固沙4种生态系统服务的时空变化特征，利用斯皮尔曼（Spearman）秩相关系数法探讨生物多样性对生态系统服务的影响。结果表明：南北疆物种丰富度存在明显的空间差异，北疆丰富度高于南疆。植物丰富度高值区主要分布在天山以西和阿尔泰山以西，准噶尔盆地西部山区；动物丰富度高值区整体上与植物丰富度高值区空间分布一致，高值区分布范围更大。2000—2020年新疆食物供给呈现先增加后减少的趋势，碳储存和防风固沙服务逐渐增加，生境质量呈下降趋势。2000—2020年新疆生态系统服务空间分布格局变化不大，空间分布与新疆现有的生态系统服务状况比较吻合，由区域的地形地貌等自然特征决定，总体上与植被分布特征比较一致，呈现出纬向伸展的变化。全疆碳储存、生境质量和食物供给3种服务间主要呈现协同关系，防风固沙和食物供给、碳储存、生境质量服务之间主要呈现权衡关系，且在2020年其相关性有所加强。随着物种丰富度的提高，食物供给、碳储存、生境质量和防风固沙服务变化趋势各异，整体上都在高或较高等级上供给水平最高。在物种丰富度等级上，生态系统服务关系呈现出较强的空间异质性。整体上看，在物种丰富度中、较高和高等级上，生态系统服务协同关系最强或是权衡关系最弱，说明较高的物种丰富度能够协调各生态系统服务之间的关系。 |
| 关键词: 新疆 生物多样性 生态系统服务 权衡与协同 InVEST模型 修正土壤风蚀方程模型 |
| DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.05.023 |
| 分类号:X176 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFB3901102） |
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| Research on the Relationship Between Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Xinjiang |
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ZHANG Zhiru1， WAN Huawei1*， WANG Yongcai1,2， LU Longhui1
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1.Satellite Application Center for Ecology and Environmental， Beijing 100094， China；2.Capital Normal University， Beijing 100048， China
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| Abstract: |
| To study the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem services in Xinjiang， InVEST model and the RWEQ model were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of 4 ecosystem services in 2000—2020， they are food supply， carbon storage， habitat quality and sand fixation services. Spearman method was used to explore the effects of biodiversity on ecosystem services. The results showed that there is a significant spatial difference in species richness between northern and southern Xinjiang， with higher species richness in northern Xinjiang compared to southern Xinjiang. The areas with high plant richness are mainly distributed in the west of Tianshan Mountain， the west of Altay Mountain， and the mountainous areas in the west of the Junggar Basin. On the whole， the areas with high animal richness are consistent with the areas with high plant richness， and the distribution range of high value areas is larger. From 2000 to 2020， the food supply in Xinjiang region showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing， with the improvement of carbon storage and sand fixation services， the habitat quality showed a downward trend. The spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem services in Xinjiang had not changed much from 2000 to 2020， and the spatial distribution is relatively consistent with the existing ecosystem services in Xinjiang. It is determined by the natural characteristics of the region， such as terrain and landforms， and is generally consistent with the distribution characteristics of vegetation， showing a latitudinal extension change. The three services of carbon storage， habitat quality， and food supply in Xinjiang mainly exhibited synergistic relationship， while the trade off between sand fixation and food supply， carbon storage， and habitat quality services is mainly present， and its correlation became stronger in 2020. The highest levels of animal species richness include carbon storage and habitat quality services， food supply services， and wind and sand control services. As the richness of plant species increases， the supply capacity of carbon storage and habitat quality services gradually improves. The supply capacity of food supply services is strongest at the advanced level， and the supply level of wind and sand fixation services is highest at the intermediate level. The ecosystem service relationship shows strong spatial heterogeneity at different species richness levels. On the whole， the ecosystem service synergy relationship is the strongest or the trade off relationship is the weakest at the middle， high and high levels of species richness， indicating that higher species richness can coordinate the relationship between ecosystem services. |
| Key words: Xinjiang Biodiversity Ecosystem services Trade off and synergy InVEST model RWEQ model |
