| 摘要: |
| 为分析考核断面污染来源，明确考核断面水质浓度超标原因，以四川眉山彭山区毛河流域为例，在考量水文情势变化和污染源空间分布的基础上，构建区域水环境数学模型，利用污染贡献通量和等标污染负荷比具体分析不同超标时期污染源影响权重。结果表明：（1）毛河流域城镇生活污染对化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH4+-N）入河量的贡献最大，占比分别为52.14%和50.74%；养殖业对总磷（TP）入河量贡献最大，占比为51.32%。（2）毛河流域一维非稳态模型模拟结果显示，各时期COD、NH4+-N和TP的百分比偏差（PBIAS）≤25%，与实际较为吻合。（3）溢流影响期彭山城区污染源对桥江桥断面水质的影响最大，COD、NH4+-N和TP的水质影响权重分别为67.2%，67.3%和51.7%；降雨明显期与溢流影响期污染特性相似，但强降雨的稀释作用使得考核断面水质监测数据未超标；灌溉退水期主要污染为农业污染，通济堰灌区对桥江桥断面TP的影响权重最大，达37.6%。 |
| 关键词: 水质评价 污染溯源 水环境数学模型 影响权重 |
| DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.06.003 |
| 分类号:X824 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（51879070） |
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| Characterization of Pollutant Distribution and Traceability Study in the Mao River Basin |
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PANG Min1， XU Ruoshi2*， HU Zhibing2， LUO Wentao2
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1.College of Hydrology and Water Resources， Hohai University， Nanjing，Jiangsu 210098， China； 2.College of Environment， Hohai University， Nanjing，Jiangsu 210098， China
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| Abstract: |
| The Mao River Basin in the Pengshan District of Meishan， Sichuan Province was used as an example to analyse pollution traceability comprehensively and accurately. Based on the consideration of changes in hydrological conditions and the spatial distribution of pollution sources， a mathematical model of the basin water environment was established to analyse the weight of pollution sources during different periods by pollution contribution fluxes and equivalent pollution load ratios. The results indicate that：（1） Pollution from urban domestic sewage in the Mao River basin is the main contributor to chemical oxygen demand（COD） and ammonia nitrogen（NH4+-N） river inflow， accounting for 52.14% and 50.74%， respectively. This pollution is mainly located in the old urban area of Pengshan. Farming is the main contributor to the amount of total phosphorus（TP） in the river， accounting for 51.32%， and is distributed in Tongji weir irrigation district and other pollution source areas. Industrial pollution sources contributed the least to the amount of COD， NH4+-N and TP in the river， accounting for no more than 2%. The simulation results of a one-dimensional non-stationary model in the Mao River Basin showed that the percent biases（PBIAS） of COD， NH4+-N and TP in each period were less than or equal to 25%， which was more consistent with the actual values.（3） During the overflow influence period， the pollution sources in Pengshan urban area have the greatest impact on the water quality of the Qiaojiangqiao section. The weights of water quality influence are 67.2% for COD， 67.3% for NH4+-N， and 51.7% for TP， respectively. The pollution characteristics during the rainfall period and overflow influence period are similar. However， the dilution effect of heavy rainfall makes the water quality avoid exceeding the standard. During the irrigation recession period， the primary source of pollution is agricultural. The Tongji weir irrigation area contributes the most to the total pollution（37.6%） at the Qiaojiangqiao section. |
| Key words: Water quality evaluation Pollution source analysis Water environment mathematical model Influencing weight |
