| 摘要: |
| 为掌握淮安白马湖湿地鸟类多样性状况，于2020—2021年对白马湖国家湿地公园鸟类种类、数量、群落多样性及时空分布特征等进行调查研究，结合历史资料，发现湿地公园共有鸟类210种，其中国家重点保护物种34种，列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》的易危及以上等级物种7种。居留型上，冬候鸟占优势，有71种（33.81%）；区系组成上，古北界鸟类占优势，有124种（59.05%）；生态类群上，鸣禽占优势，有88种（41.90%），水鸟（游禽、涉禽）其次，有84种（40.00%）。基于现场调查数据，鸟类群落香农-维纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数（H′）为3.24，皮耶罗（Pielou）均匀度指数（J）为0.63，都处在一个较高的水平。秋季迁徙期和越冬期是鸟类物种数和种群数量较高的时期，湿地公园中部人为干扰较小的湖泊生境是鸟类集中分布区。基于该研究结果，建议优化白马湖湿地公园功能分区，将鸟类集中分布区设为核心保护区以加强保护；通过生态保护措施和工程的实施，改善生态环境，提高鸟类生境的异质性和有效性；加强鸟类监测、宣教和巡护，保障湿地公园鸟类多样性保护稳步进行。 |
| 关键词: 白马湖 国家湿地公园 鸟类多样性 保护策略 |
| DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.05.008 |
| 分类号:X36 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划（2022YFF1301000） |
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| Bird Diversity and Conservation Strategies in Huai'an Baima Lake Wetland |
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ZHONG Jingjing1， CHEN Sheng1， NI Chengwen2， YANG Huaqin1， ZHANG Shan1*
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1.Nanjing Puhou Ecological Technology Co.， Ltd.，Nanjing， Jiangsu 210000， China；2.Huai‘an Baima Lake Cultural Tourism Development Co.， Ltd.，Huaian， Jiangsu 223001， China
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| Abstract: |
| In order to research bird diversity of Baima Lake Wetland in Huai'an， the bird species， quantity， community diversity， and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of Baima Lake National Wetland Park had been investigated from 2020 to 2021. Based on investigation and historical data， 210 bird species were recorded in the national wetland park， including 34 species of national protected birds and 7 species listed as vulnerable or above in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. From the perspective of residential type， winter migratory birds was the dominant group with 71 species（33.81%）. From the perspective of fauna distribution， birds from the ancient northern boundary had an absolute advantage with 124 species（59.05%）. From the perspective of ecological groups， songbirds was the main group with 88 species（41.90%）， followed by waterbirds（migratory and wading birds） with 84 species（40.00%）. Based on investigation data， the Shannon-Wiener diversity index（H′） of bird communities were 3.24， and the Pielou evenness index（J） were 0.63， both of which were at a relatively high level. The autumn migration period and overwintering period were periods with a higher number of bird species and populations. The lake habitat in the middle of the wetland park with less human interference was a concentrated distribution area for birds. Based on the research results， it is suggested optimizing functional zoning and setting bird concentrated distribution area as core protected area. Improving ecological environment and enhancing heterogeneity and effectiveness of bird habitats through implementation of ecological protection measures and engineering， and strengthening bird monitoring， education and patrol to ensure steady progress of bird diversity conservation in Baima Lake wetland park. |
| Key words: Baima Lake National wetland park Bird diversity Conservation strategies |
