太湖生态涵养区浮游植物多样性

陶江; 邵旭东; 范帆; 蔡琨; 李曌; 吕学研; 叶文荣; 阮晓杰

引用本文:	TAO Jiang,SHAO Xudong,FAN Fan,CAI Kun,LI Zhao,LYU Xueyan,YE Wenrong,RUAN Xiaojie.Phytoplankton Biodiversity in Taihu Lake Ecological Conservation Area[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2024,16(5):131~138

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太湖生态涵养区浮游植物多样性
陶江¹，邵旭东²，范帆²，蔡琨²，李曌^3，吕学研^2，叶文荣¹，阮晓杰¹
1.苏州市吴中环境监测站，江苏苏州 215104；2.江苏省环境监测中心，江苏南京 210029；3.中国环境监测总站，北京 100012

摘要:

为支撑太湖生态涵养区政策实施成效后续评估，以太湖生态涵养实验区为对象，于2023年7月—2024年4月，对西山岛、东山岛周边太湖水域开展浮游植物季度调查。本轮4次调查，共鉴定到浮游植物8门109种，以绿藻门物种数最多，夏季物种数（93种）最多，冬季（45种）最少；共记录到20种优势种，以蓝藻门物种数最多，假鱼腥藻属某种的年度优势度最高（0.425），微囊藻的年度优势度较低，仅为0.042。浮游植物平均物种数和平均密度具有相同的季节差异性，春季和冬季之间、夏季和秋季之间均没有显著差异（P0.05），但春、冬两季和夏、秋两季浮游植物平均物种数和平均密度差异显著（P＜0.05）。浮游植物平均密度表现为夏季>秋季>冬季>春季，冬季浮游植物空间分布更为均匀。冬季浮游植物香农-维纳（Shannon-Wiener）多样性指数平均值显著低于其他3个季节（P＜0.05），春、夏、秋3个季节浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数平均值差异不显著（P＞0.05）；春季浮游植物Pielou均匀度指数平均值显著高于其他3个季度（P＜0.05），夏、秋、冬3个季节浮游植物皮耶罗（Pielou）均匀度指数平均值差异不显著（P＞0.05）。基于浮游植物指标的区域水质评价结果整体处于β-中污型_—寡污型状态。

关键词: 太湖生态涵养区浮游植物生物多样性西山岛东山岛

DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.05.021

分类号:S963.21+3

基金项目:江苏省生态环境监测科研基金项目（2311）；南通市长江水生态环境保护研究（2022-LHYJ-02-0502-03）

Phytoplankton Biodiversity in Taihu Lake Ecological Conservation Area

TAO Jiang¹， SHAO Xudong²， FAN Fan²， CAI Kun²， LI Zhao^3*， LYU Xueyan^2*， YE Wenrong¹， RUAN Xiaojie¹

1. Wuzhong Environmental Monitoring center， Suzhou， Jiangsu 215104， China; 2.Jiangsu Provincial Environmental Monitoring Center， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210019， China; 3.China National Environmental Monitoring Center， Beijing 100012， China

Abstract:

To support evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the ecological conservation area policy， this study took the ecological conservation area of Taihu Lake as the object， and carried out a quarterly survey of phytoplankton in the water body around Xishan Island and Dongshan Island from July 2023 to April 2024. A total of 109 species of phytoplankton were identified from 8 phyla， with chlorophyta having the largest number of species， 93 species in summer and 45 species in winter. Among the 20 dominant species， the number of species of cyanophyta was the highest， and the annual dominance of Anabaena sp. was the highest（0.425）， while that of Microcystis was only 0.042.There were the same quarterly differences for the average number of species and the average amount of density. The differences in both average number of species and the average amount of density between spring and winter， summer and autumn were not significant（P >0.05）， but the differences between spring-winter and summer-autumn were significant（P <0.05）. The seasonal average density of phytoplankton was summer>autumn>winter>spring， and the spatial distribution of phytoplankton was more uniform in winter. The mean value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index in winter was significantly lower than that in the other three seasons（P <005）， but there was no significant difference in the mean value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index in spring， summer and autumn（P >0.05）. The average Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton in spring was significantly higher than that in the other three seasons（P <0.05）， but there was no significant difference in the average Pielou evenness index of phytoplankton in summer， autumn and winter（P >0.05）. The results of regional water quality assessment based on phytoplankton indexes were in the β-medium pollution type to oligo pollution type.

Key words: Taihu Lake Ecological Conservation Area Phytoplankton Biodiversity Xishan Island Dongshan Island