中国科技核心期刊 CN 32-1805/X ISSN 1674-6732
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2025,17(3):1-6, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.001
Abstract:
Environmental pollutants， especially high concern emerging contaminants， have low environmental concentrations and pose challenges for the assessment of combined pollution. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to assess the ecological health risk under long term exposure to low concentrations of environmental pollutants， we established a high throughput screening method for comprehensive biological effects of surface water based on concentration dependent transcriptomics in human liver cancer cells（HepG2 cells）， and selected a chemical park in Jiangsu Province as the subject for a pilot study. The results showed that environmental samples had no effect on the morphology and survival rate of the HepG2 cell， and did not show acute toxicity. However， the transcriptome data showed that there were significant differences in the combined toxic effects at each site. The toxic effects of the effluents from wastewater treatment plants were relatively high， and the differential expression of genes regulating the action of environmental hormones indicated the presence of endocrine disruption related pollutants. This method provides a new insight for identifying and assessing the toxic effects and environmental risks of trace emerging contaminants.
Environmental pollutants， especially high concern emerging contaminants， have low environmental concentrations and pose challenges for the assessment of combined pollution. In order to solve the problem that it is difficult to assess the ecological health risk under long term exposure to low concentrations of environmental pollutants， we established a high throughput screening method for comprehensive biological effects of surface water based on concentration dependent transcriptomics in human liver cancer cells（HepG2 cells）， and selected a chemical park in Jiangsu Province as the subject for a pilot study. The results showed that environmental samples had no effect on the morphology and survival rate of the HepG2 cell， and did not show acute toxicity. However， the transcriptome data showed that there were significant differences in the combined toxic effects at each site. The toxic effects of the effluents from wastewater treatment plants were relatively high， and the differential expression of genes regulating the action of environmental hormones indicated the presence of endocrine disruption related pollutants. This method provides a new insight for identifying and assessing the toxic effects and environmental risks of trace emerging contaminants.
2025,17(3):7-12, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.002
Abstract:
Toxin producing and odor producing cyanobacteria release odorous substances and cyanotoxins， impacting water quality and threatening human health. The traditional cyanobacteria monitoring method is time consuming and laborious， and cannot distinguish whether these cyanobacteria produce odorous substances or toxins. In this study， we constructed a detection method for odor producing and toxin producing cyanobacteria based on multiplex quantitative real time PCR（qPCR） technology， targeting the 16S rRNA gene（16S）， 2 methylisoborneol synthase gene（2 MIB）， and microcystin synthetase gene E（mcyE）. It can simultaneously detect toxin producing cyanobacteria and odor producing cyanobacteria. The limits of detection were 101 copies/μL for all three target genes. It was characterized by high sensitivity and strong stability. Furthermore， this advanced technique was used to investigate cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake， and the results showed that the multiplex quantitative PCR method showed a high level of consistency with traditional morphological methods. This approach can be used for continuous and efficient toxin producing and odor producing cyanobacteria monitoring and provide support for the rapid monitoring and early warning of potential cyanobacterial blooms.
Toxin producing and odor producing cyanobacteria release odorous substances and cyanotoxins， impacting water quality and threatening human health. The traditional cyanobacteria monitoring method is time consuming and laborious， and cannot distinguish whether these cyanobacteria produce odorous substances or toxins. In this study， we constructed a detection method for odor producing and toxin producing cyanobacteria based on multiplex quantitative real time PCR（qPCR） technology， targeting the 16S rRNA gene（16S）， 2 methylisoborneol synthase gene（2 MIB）， and microcystin synthetase gene E（mcyE）. It can simultaneously detect toxin producing cyanobacteria and odor producing cyanobacteria. The limits of detection were 101 copies/μL for all three target genes. It was characterized by high sensitivity and strong stability. Furthermore， this advanced technique was used to investigate cyanobacteria in Taihu Lake， and the results showed that the multiplex quantitative PCR method showed a high level of consistency with traditional morphological methods. This approach can be used for continuous and efficient toxin producing and odor producing cyanobacteria monitoring and provide support for the rapid monitoring and early warning of potential cyanobacterial blooms.
2025,17(3):13-20, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.003
Abstract:
In this study，Aliivibrio fischeri was selected as the test strain and a new luminescent bacteria toxicity determination method with high throughput， rapid detection， high sensitiity， simple operation and accurate evaluation of various water toxicity was established based on 96 well plates， and the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were verified. In the method repeatability study， the reference material potassium dichromate， zinc sulfate heptahydrate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol and three water samples were tested in five replicates. The results showed that the EC50 of potassium dichromate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol， zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water sample M were all within the range of X±2SD. The EC50 of water sample H was lower than the minimum test concentration （3.13%）， and the EC50 of water sample L was higher than the maximum test concentration （80%）. In the method reproducibility study， six external laboratories conducted inter laboratory comparison tests using three reference materials and three water samples H， M and L. The results showed that the EC50 values of potassium bichrodate， zinc sulfate heptahydrate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol and water sample M in all laboratories were within the scope of X±2SD， and their |z| were all<2.0. The EC50 of water sample H was lower than the minimum test concentration （3.13%）， and the EC50 of water sample L was higher than the maximum test concentration （80%）. There was no significant difference between the laboratory comparison results and the general situation， and the sensitivity was similar to that of algae at the same trophic level， but higher than that of fish and lower than that of daphnia. Therefore， the water toxicity test results of the high throughput luminescent bacteria method have good parallelism， repeatability and reproducibility， and are highly sensitive. It is suitable for the monitoring of drinking water， environmental water， waste water and other water quality， and can timely and accurately conduct mass screening and assessment of the acute toxicity of water quality. Moreover， the acute toxicity level of water samples can be characterized by lowest ineffective dilution（LID）， effect concentration（EC） and the toxic unit（TU）， and the toxicity can be evaluated.
In this study，Aliivibrio fischeri was selected as the test strain and a new luminescent bacteria toxicity determination method with high throughput， rapid detection， high sensitiity， simple operation and accurate evaluation of various water toxicity was established based on 96 well plates， and the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were verified. In the method repeatability study， the reference material potassium dichromate， zinc sulfate heptahydrate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol and three water samples were tested in five replicates. The results showed that the EC50 of potassium dichromate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol， zinc sulfate heptahydrate and water sample M were all within the range of X±2SD. The EC50 of water sample H was lower than the minimum test concentration （3.13%）， and the EC50 of water sample L was higher than the maximum test concentration （80%）. In the method reproducibility study， six external laboratories conducted inter laboratory comparison tests using three reference materials and three water samples H， M and L. The results showed that the EC50 values of potassium bichrodate， zinc sulfate heptahydrate， 3， 5-dichlorophenol and water sample M in all laboratories were within the scope of X±2SD， and their |z| were all<2.0. The EC50 of water sample H was lower than the minimum test concentration （3.13%）， and the EC50 of water sample L was higher than the maximum test concentration （80%）. There was no significant difference between the laboratory comparison results and the general situation， and the sensitivity was similar to that of algae at the same trophic level， but higher than that of fish and lower than that of daphnia. Therefore， the water toxicity test results of the high throughput luminescent bacteria method have good parallelism， repeatability and reproducibility， and are highly sensitive. It is suitable for the monitoring of drinking water， environmental water， waste water and other water quality， and can timely and accurately conduct mass screening and assessment of the acute toxicity of water quality. Moreover， the acute toxicity level of water samples can be characterized by lowest ineffective dilution（LID）， effect concentration（EC） and the toxic unit（TU）， and the toxicity can be evaluated.
2025,17(3):21-28, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.004
Abstract:
To enhance the prediction accuracy of PM2.5 concentrations， five predictive models were developed： K-Nearest Neighbors（KNN）， Support Vector Regression（SVR）， Back Propagation Neural Network（BPNN）， Random Forest（RF）， and Extreme Gradient Boosting（XGBoost）. These models utilized hourly ground meteorological and air pollution data from 2016 to 2021 to assess their predictive accuracy and stability. Results indicated that the XGBoost model outperformed the other models， achieving R2， MAE， RMSE， and MAPE values of 0.89， 0.24 μg/m3， 0.11 μg/m3， and 1.6%， respectively. Seasonal variations were observed in the predictions， with the highest accuracy in spring， followed by autumn， and the lowest in summer. Specifically， the values for R2， MAE， RMSE， and MAPE in spring were 0.88， 0.26 μg/m3， 0.12 μg/m3， and 1.32%. The evaluation of meteorological factors highlighted that visibility and precipitation significantly contributed to the accuracy of the predictive models， while the assessment of pollutant concentrations showed that CO and NO2 levels substantially impacted model performance. This research offers valuable insights for the precise forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations and is significant for air pollution control and environmental monitoring.
To enhance the prediction accuracy of PM2.5 concentrations， five predictive models were developed： K-Nearest Neighbors（KNN）， Support Vector Regression（SVR）， Back Propagation Neural Network（BPNN）， Random Forest（RF）， and Extreme Gradient Boosting（XGBoost）. These models utilized hourly ground meteorological and air pollution data from 2016 to 2021 to assess their predictive accuracy and stability. Results indicated that the XGBoost model outperformed the other models， achieving R2， MAE， RMSE， and MAPE values of 0.89， 0.24 μg/m3， 0.11 μg/m3， and 1.6%， respectively. Seasonal variations were observed in the predictions， with the highest accuracy in spring， followed by autumn， and the lowest in summer. Specifically， the values for R2， MAE， RMSE， and MAPE in spring were 0.88， 0.26 μg/m3， 0.12 μg/m3， and 1.32%. The evaluation of meteorological factors highlighted that visibility and precipitation significantly contributed to the accuracy of the predictive models， while the assessment of pollutant concentrations showed that CO and NO2 levels substantially impacted model performance. This research offers valuable insights for the precise forecasting of PM2.5 concentrations and is significant for air pollution control and environmental monitoring.
2025,17(3):29-39, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.005
Abstract:
This study selected online monitoring data of Volatile Organic Compounds（VOCs） in Luoyang City from 2020 to 2022， and analyzed the concentration levels and seasonal component variation characteristics of VOCs. We evaluated their environmental impact through Ozone Formation Potential（OFP） and Formation Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol（SOAFP）， and selected key components of OFP and SOAFP. The main sources of VOCs were analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）， and the inter annual differences was compared. The health risk of atmospheric VOCs which have a significant impact on human health were assessed. The results showed that：（1） The annual average volume fraction of VOCs from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City were 37.83×10-9， 30.80×10-9 and 28.99×10-9， showed a decreasing trend year by year. The concentration of alkane components accounted for the largest proportion， ranging from 31.1% to 46.4%； next were aldehydes and ketones， accounting for 13.2% to 28.1%. There were significant seasonal variations in VOCs in Luoyang City. The volume fraction of VOCs in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and summer. The proportion of aldehydes and ketones was relatively high in summer and autumn， while the proportion of alkanes and alkenes was higher in spring and winter. The season with the highest proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons was spring.（2） The OFP of VOCs in Luoyang City ranged from 151.2~296.4 μg/m3. The groups that contributed the most to OFP were aldehydes and ketones， aromatic hydrocarbons， and olefins， accounting for 78.9% to 86.0% of the total OFP. The SOAFP values were from 0.54 μg/m3to 0.76μg/m3. For three consecutive years， the highest proportion of SOAFP was aromatic hydrocarbon， ranging from 86.0% to 95.7%.（3） The source apportionment results from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City indicated that mobile sources and oil storage and transportation volatilization sources were the main sources of atmospheric VOCs in Luoyang City， with source contributions accounting for 40.9% to 49.8%； next were chemical synthesis and petroleum refining sources， accounting for 22.6% to 29.7% of the total source contribution. The contribution of industrial solvent volatilization sources has remained relatively stable for three consecutive years， basically maintaining between 5.2% and 6.5%.（4） The non-carcinogenic chronic risk values（HI） of Luoyang City were 0.354， 0.166 and 0.100， indicating that there were no non carcinogenic chronic health risks. The carcinogenic risk values for benzene were 2.66×10-6 to 3.36×10-6， and for naphthalene were 1.07×10-6 to 1.48×10-6， both indicating a “possible carcinogenic risk”.
This study selected online monitoring data of Volatile Organic Compounds（VOCs） in Luoyang City from 2020 to 2022， and analyzed the concentration levels and seasonal component variation characteristics of VOCs. We evaluated their environmental impact through Ozone Formation Potential（OFP） and Formation Potential of Secondary Organic Aerosol（SOAFP）， and selected key components of OFP and SOAFP. The main sources of VOCs were analyzed by Positive Matrix Factorization（PMF）， and the inter annual differences was compared. The health risk of atmospheric VOCs which have a significant impact on human health were assessed. The results showed that：（1） The annual average volume fraction of VOCs from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City were 37.83×10-9， 30.80×10-9 and 28.99×10-9， showed a decreasing trend year by year. The concentration of alkane components accounted for the largest proportion， ranging from 31.1% to 46.4%； next were aldehydes and ketones， accounting for 13.2% to 28.1%. There were significant seasonal variations in VOCs in Luoyang City. The volume fraction of VOCs in autumn and winter was significantly higher than that in spring and summer. The proportion of aldehydes and ketones was relatively high in summer and autumn， while the proportion of alkanes and alkenes was higher in spring and winter. The season with the highest proportion of aromatic hydrocarbons was spring.（2） The OFP of VOCs in Luoyang City ranged from 151.2~296.4 μg/m3. The groups that contributed the most to OFP were aldehydes and ketones， aromatic hydrocarbons， and olefins， accounting for 78.9% to 86.0% of the total OFP. The SOAFP values were from 0.54 μg/m3to 0.76μg/m3. For three consecutive years， the highest proportion of SOAFP was aromatic hydrocarbon， ranging from 86.0% to 95.7%.（3） The source apportionment results from 2020 to 2022 in Luoyang City indicated that mobile sources and oil storage and transportation volatilization sources were the main sources of atmospheric VOCs in Luoyang City， with source contributions accounting for 40.9% to 49.8%； next were chemical synthesis and petroleum refining sources， accounting for 22.6% to 29.7% of the total source contribution. The contribution of industrial solvent volatilization sources has remained relatively stable for three consecutive years， basically maintaining between 5.2% and 6.5%.（4） The non-carcinogenic chronic risk values（HI） of Luoyang City were 0.354， 0.166 and 0.100， indicating that there were no non carcinogenic chronic health risks. The carcinogenic risk values for benzene were 2.66×10-6 to 3.36×10-6， and for naphthalene were 1.07×10-6 to 1.48×10-6， both indicating a “possible carcinogenic risk”.
2025,17(3):40-46, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.006
Abstract:
In order to explore the health risks of cement products produced by cement kilns for collaborative disposal of solid waste， the cement clinker from four production lines of three collaborative disposal cement kilns was selected as the research object. By measuring the contents of 18 metals in the cement clinker and its leaching solution， the health risk assessment method was used to assess the human health risk. The research results indicated that some cement clinker from cement kilns had excessive levels of cadmium and manganese. No metal in the leaching solution exceeded the standard， but the leachable concentrations of nickel and manganese in some clinker samples exceeded the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water（Class Ⅲ）. Based on the health assessment of metals in cement products leaching solution， it was found that arsenic and lead posed no carcinogenic risk to both children and adults， but arsenic had a higher maximum carcinogenic risk level than lead. The 11 metals（including barium， cadmium， chromium， etc） did not pose non-carcinogenic risks to children and adults， with cadmium and nickel having a higher hazard quotient.
In order to explore the health risks of cement products produced by cement kilns for collaborative disposal of solid waste， the cement clinker from four production lines of three collaborative disposal cement kilns was selected as the research object. By measuring the contents of 18 metals in the cement clinker and its leaching solution， the health risk assessment method was used to assess the human health risk. The research results indicated that some cement clinker from cement kilns had excessive levels of cadmium and manganese. No metal in the leaching solution exceeded the standard， but the leachable concentrations of nickel and manganese in some clinker samples exceeded the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water（Class Ⅲ）. Based on the health assessment of metals in cement products leaching solution， it was found that arsenic and lead posed no carcinogenic risk to both children and adults， but arsenic had a higher maximum carcinogenic risk level than lead. The 11 metals（including barium， cadmium， chromium， etc） did not pose non-carcinogenic risks to children and adults， with cadmium and nickel having a higher hazard quotient.
Water Quality Scenario Prediction and Analysis in Wuhu Section of Yangtze River Based on ARIMA Model
2025,17(3):47-52, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.007
Abstract:
Based on the monthly monitoring data of water quality and precipitation in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River from 2019 to 2023， this paper analyzed the annual precipitation change scenarios in the past five years and established an autoregressive integrated moving average model（ARIMA）. The results showed that：（1） The mean relative error（MRE） of the predicted value and the monitored value of the ARIMA（12，1，0） model was 16.23%， and the proportion of relative errors（RE） less than 10% was 52.50%. The general trend was in good agreement， indicating that the model can effectively and quickly predict the water quality in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River. （2） The model prediction showed that DO would continue to increase in winter and decrease in summer in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River from 2024 to 2025， and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus would be stable. （3） Based on the response analysis of water quality change under different precipitation scenarios， the concentration of nitrogen， phosphorus， and other nutrients decreased with the increase of precipitation， and the concentration of organic matter increased with the increase of precipitation in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River. The ARIMA（12，1，0） model can be used to predict and analyze water quality in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River under different precipitation scenarios， which provides strong support for water environment planning and management in Wuhu City.
Based on the monthly monitoring data of water quality and precipitation in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River from 2019 to 2023， this paper analyzed the annual precipitation change scenarios in the past five years and established an autoregressive integrated moving average model（ARIMA）. The results showed that：（1） The mean relative error（MRE） of the predicted value and the monitored value of the ARIMA（12，1，0） model was 16.23%， and the proportion of relative errors（RE） less than 10% was 52.50%. The general trend was in good agreement， indicating that the model can effectively and quickly predict the water quality in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River. （2） The model prediction showed that DO would continue to increase in winter and decrease in summer in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River from 2024 to 2025， and the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus would be stable. （3） Based on the response analysis of water quality change under different precipitation scenarios， the concentration of nitrogen， phosphorus， and other nutrients decreased with the increase of precipitation， and the concentration of organic matter increased with the increase of precipitation in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River. The ARIMA（12，1，0） model can be used to predict and analyze water quality in the Wuhu section of the Yangtze River under different precipitation scenarios， which provides strong support for water environment planning and management in Wuhu City.
2025,17(3):53-60, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.008
Abstract:
To effectively control black smoke emissions and protect the ecological environment， an improved method for classifying diesel vehicle smoke opacity is proposed in this paper. To address the issue of light-colored smoke being incorrectly classified as background， a multi-threshold segmentation method is proposed. From the perspective of black smoke dispersion characteristics， new thresholds were introduced to the existing OTSU algorithm to separate light smoke from the background. A dual-threshold， dual-region segmentation strategy was applied to input black smoke images. This improvement enhanced the algorithm's accuracy in segmenting light smoke and divided the black smoke into two regions， thereby reducing intra-class variance. This segmentation process laid the foundation for capturing black smoke features in subsequent analyses. To address the issue of inaccurate blackness value calculation， a weight calibration mechanism was introduced. This adjustment improved the accuracy of the blackness values and refined the overall segmentation process. By collecting smoke data samples of levels 1 to 4， the improved algorithm was used to segment black smoke into two regions， heavy black smoke（x1） and light black smoke（x2）. The true levels of black smoke were then converted into corresponding blackness values， y. A least squares fitting method was employed to establish the mapping between the computer-generated blackness values and the actual black smoke concentrations. The results indicate that the method effectively reflects the true blackness of black smoke and improves the accuracy of black smoke level assessments. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 91.18% on the constructed dataset， significantly enhancing the reliability of smoke monitoring and evaluation.
To effectively control black smoke emissions and protect the ecological environment， an improved method for classifying diesel vehicle smoke opacity is proposed in this paper. To address the issue of light-colored smoke being incorrectly classified as background， a multi-threshold segmentation method is proposed. From the perspective of black smoke dispersion characteristics， new thresholds were introduced to the existing OTSU algorithm to separate light smoke from the background. A dual-threshold， dual-region segmentation strategy was applied to input black smoke images. This improvement enhanced the algorithm's accuracy in segmenting light smoke and divided the black smoke into two regions， thereby reducing intra-class variance. This segmentation process laid the foundation for capturing black smoke features in subsequent analyses. To address the issue of inaccurate blackness value calculation， a weight calibration mechanism was introduced. This adjustment improved the accuracy of the blackness values and refined the overall segmentation process. By collecting smoke data samples of levels 1 to 4， the improved algorithm was used to segment black smoke into two regions， heavy black smoke（x1） and light black smoke（x2）. The true levels of black smoke were then converted into corresponding blackness values， y. A least squares fitting method was employed to establish the mapping between the computer-generated blackness values and the actual black smoke concentrations. The results indicate that the method effectively reflects the true blackness of black smoke and improves the accuracy of black smoke level assessments. The proposed method achieved an accuracy of 91.18% on the constructed dataset， significantly enhancing the reliability of smoke monitoring and evaluation.
2025,17(3):61-64, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.009
Abstract:
In the winters of 2022 and 2023， comparative tests were conducted between the PM10 automatic monitoring equipment and the manual monitoring equipment using β-ray methods. The comparative test results of four types of domestic monitoring equipment and one type of imported equipment showed that the manual and automatic monitoring equipment operated stably and basically met the parallelism requirements； The linear regression indicators（slope： 1±0.15， intercept：（0±10）μg/m3， and correlation coefficient≥0.95） of the five types of automatic and manual monitoring equipment all met the national regulatory requirements. The phenomenon that the results of some automatic monitoring equipment were lower than those of manual monitoring equipment warrants attention.
In the winters of 2022 and 2023， comparative tests were conducted between the PM10 automatic monitoring equipment and the manual monitoring equipment using β-ray methods. The comparative test results of four types of domestic monitoring equipment and one type of imported equipment showed that the manual and automatic monitoring equipment operated stably and basically met the parallelism requirements； The linear regression indicators（slope： 1±0.15， intercept：（0±10）μg/m3， and correlation coefficient≥0.95） of the five types of automatic and manual monitoring equipment all met the national regulatory requirements. The phenomenon that the results of some automatic monitoring equipment were lower than those of manual monitoring equipment warrants attention.
2025,17(3):65-69, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.010
Abstract:
Water soluble fluoride in soil was separated by ultrasonic extraction-ion chromatography and measured using a conductivity detector. The effects of extraction temperature， extraction time， extraction agent dosage， and centrifugation time on water-soluble fluoride determination were discussed by using six soil standard samples. The optimized pretreatment conditions were as follows： ultrasonic cleaning at 25 ℃ on a constant temperature ultrasonic cleaner for 30 min， standing for several minutes， centrifugation for 20 min， and measurement by ion chromatography after filtration. The detection limit of the ion chromatography method can reach 0.1 mg/kg， while the detection limit of the commonly used ion selective electrode method is 0.4 mg/kg. The precision of ion chromatography is 1.4%～4.9%， and that of the ion-selective electrode method is 1.5%～6.0%. Thus， the precision of ion chromatography is slightly higher than that of the ion-selective electrode method. The relative error of both ion chromatography and ion selective electrode method is less than 10.0%， and the measured values are all within the acceptable range of the standard substance. Therefore， the use of ion chromatography to determine water-soluble fluoride in soil has high sensitivity， easy operation， strong anti-interference ability， which offers greater advantages for the determination of low concentration or large numbers of soil samples， and can meet the requirements for the determination of water-soluble fluoride in soil.
Water soluble fluoride in soil was separated by ultrasonic extraction-ion chromatography and measured using a conductivity detector. The effects of extraction temperature， extraction time， extraction agent dosage， and centrifugation time on water-soluble fluoride determination were discussed by using six soil standard samples. The optimized pretreatment conditions were as follows： ultrasonic cleaning at 25 ℃ on a constant temperature ultrasonic cleaner for 30 min， standing for several minutes， centrifugation for 20 min， and measurement by ion chromatography after filtration. The detection limit of the ion chromatography method can reach 0.1 mg/kg， while the detection limit of the commonly used ion selective electrode method is 0.4 mg/kg. The precision of ion chromatography is 1.4%～4.9%， and that of the ion-selective electrode method is 1.5%～6.0%. Thus， the precision of ion chromatography is slightly higher than that of the ion-selective electrode method. The relative error of both ion chromatography and ion selective electrode method is less than 10.0%， and the measured values are all within the acceptable range of the standard substance. Therefore， the use of ion chromatography to determine water-soluble fluoride in soil has high sensitivity， easy operation， strong anti-interference ability， which offers greater advantages for the determination of low concentration or large numbers of soil samples， and can meet the requirements for the determination of water-soluble fluoride in soil.
2025,17(3):70-75, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.011
Abstract:
A solid-phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC MS/MS） method was established to detect 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 7 perfluorosulfonic acids in soil and sediment. The samples were extracted with 50% aqueous methanol， shaken at room temperature for 30 min， purified with a WAX solid phase extraction column， eluted in two steps with 8 mL of methanol and 1 mL of 0.5% ammonia methanol， concentrated to nearly dry and then reconstituted to 1 mL with 50% aqueous methanol. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship among 18 PFCs in the range of 1.0～100 μg/L， with correlation coefficients>0.995. The limit of detection（LOD） was between 0.06 and 0.91 μg/kg， and the limit of quantification（LOQ） was between 0.24 and 3.63 μg/kg. Three concentration levels of spiked recovery experiments were conducted on actual soil and sediment samples， with a spiked recovery range of 92.4%～134% and a relative standard deviation（RSD） range of 1.37%～18.8% for soil samples， and a spiked recovery range of 76.8%～129% and an RSD range of 5.66%～24.9% for sediment samples. This method is easy to operate， highly sensitive， accurate， and reproducible， and can meet the detection needs of 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 7 perfluorosulfonic acids in soil and sediment.
A solid-phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC MS/MS） method was established to detect 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 7 perfluorosulfonic acids in soil and sediment. The samples were extracted with 50% aqueous methanol， shaken at room temperature for 30 min， purified with a WAX solid phase extraction column， eluted in two steps with 8 mL of methanol and 1 mL of 0.5% ammonia methanol， concentrated to nearly dry and then reconstituted to 1 mL with 50% aqueous methanol. The results showed that there was a good linear relationship among 18 PFCs in the range of 1.0～100 μg/L， with correlation coefficients>0.995. The limit of detection（LOD） was between 0.06 and 0.91 μg/kg， and the limit of quantification（LOQ） was between 0.24 and 3.63 μg/kg. Three concentration levels of spiked recovery experiments were conducted on actual soil and sediment samples， with a spiked recovery range of 92.4%～134% and a relative standard deviation（RSD） range of 1.37%～18.8% for soil samples， and a spiked recovery range of 76.8%～129% and an RSD range of 5.66%～24.9% for sediment samples. This method is easy to operate， highly sensitive， accurate， and reproducible， and can meet the detection needs of 11 perfluorocarboxylic acids and 7 perfluorosulfonic acids in soil and sediment.
2025,17(3):76-83, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.012
Abstract:
In June 2023， a study was conducted in Suzhou City， Jiangsu Province， focusing on the development of a road traffic flow model and the calculation and analysis of motor vehicle pollutant emissions. Leveraging data from road remote sensing points， road network information， and local motor vehicle statistics， a high-spatial-resolution hourly on-road mobile source emission inventory with a resolution of 50 m × 50 m was established. The results indicate that the emissions of SO2， NOX， CO2， CO， volatile organic compounds（VOCs）， PM10， and PM2.5 from road mobile sources in June 2023 were 520.3， 6 826.8， 7 967.9， 21 098.2， 2 099.3， 201.6， and 187.9 tons， respectively. Notably， CO， VOC， and PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles were predominantly concentrated in the city center and its periphery， while NOX emissions were mainly located in the city center. Analysis of ozone concentrations at national air quality monitoring stations in the central urban area， along with NOX emissions and traffic flow data， revealed significant differences in the impact of vehicle emissions on ozone concentration between working days and non-working days. For monitoring stations distant from industrial areas， higher northwest wind speeds during working days can mitigate ozone pollution. The formation of O3 is influenced by both traffic emissions and meteorological conditions.
In June 2023， a study was conducted in Suzhou City， Jiangsu Province， focusing on the development of a road traffic flow model and the calculation and analysis of motor vehicle pollutant emissions. Leveraging data from road remote sensing points， road network information， and local motor vehicle statistics， a high-spatial-resolution hourly on-road mobile source emission inventory with a resolution of 50 m × 50 m was established. The results indicate that the emissions of SO2， NOX， CO2， CO， volatile organic compounds（VOCs）， PM10， and PM2.5 from road mobile sources in June 2023 were 520.3， 6 826.8， 7 967.9， 21 098.2， 2 099.3， 201.6， and 187.9 tons， respectively. Notably， CO， VOC， and PM2.5 emissions from motor vehicles were predominantly concentrated in the city center and its periphery， while NOX emissions were mainly located in the city center. Analysis of ozone concentrations at national air quality monitoring stations in the central urban area， along with NOX emissions and traffic flow data， revealed significant differences in the impact of vehicle emissions on ozone concentration between working days and non-working days. For monitoring stations distant from industrial areas， higher northwest wind speeds during working days can mitigate ozone pollution. The formation of O3 is influenced by both traffic emissions and meteorological conditions.
Cause Analysis of Ozone Pollution in Typical Urban Stations in Pudong New District from 2019 to 2023
2025,17(3):84-88, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.013
Abstract:
During the high incidence period of O3（April—September） from 2019 to 2023， a total of 45 typical O3 pollution events with high values occurred at typical urban stations of Shanghai Pudong New District， especially in June 2023 when persistent pollution occurred. Using the smog production model（SPM） and backward trajectory clustering analysis method， this article studied the causes and possible sources of typical urban station O3 pollution events by analyzing observation data from four different urban functional area stations in Pudong New District Environmental Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Network， combined with online volatile organic compounds（VOCs） monitoring data. The research results indicate that in pollution events， the low NOX concentration and precursors of highly active VOCs at night led to stronger O3 generation ability in urban stations. The generation control type of high concentration O3 showed a trend of migration from VOCs single type control to VOCs-NOX co-control. The unique local climate formed by lower wind speed， low humidity， and higher temperature was conducive to the photochemical generation and accumulation of local O3. From the perspective of wind direction frequencies， the wind frequencies of the south-southeast， southerly， and south-southwest increased significantly， and under the influence of westerly winds， urban stations were prone to higher O3 concentrations. The clustering analysis of backward trajectory shows that the trajectory of the northward air mass was relatively clean， while the long-distance transport of the westward pollution air mass could result in an average concentration of O3pollution at urban stations as high as 139.9 μg/m3， indicating that regional transport has an undeniable impact on local O3 pollution.
During the high incidence period of O3（April—September） from 2019 to 2023， a total of 45 typical O3 pollution events with high values occurred at typical urban stations of Shanghai Pudong New District， especially in June 2023 when persistent pollution occurred. Using the smog production model（SPM） and backward trajectory clustering analysis method， this article studied the causes and possible sources of typical urban station O3 pollution events by analyzing observation data from four different urban functional area stations in Pudong New District Environmental Air Quality Automatic Monitoring Network， combined with online volatile organic compounds（VOCs） monitoring data. The research results indicate that in pollution events， the low NOX concentration and precursors of highly active VOCs at night led to stronger O3 generation ability in urban stations. The generation control type of high concentration O3 showed a trend of migration from VOCs single type control to VOCs-NOX co-control. The unique local climate formed by lower wind speed， low humidity， and higher temperature was conducive to the photochemical generation and accumulation of local O3. From the perspective of wind direction frequencies， the wind frequencies of the south-southeast， southerly， and south-southwest increased significantly， and under the influence of westerly winds， urban stations were prone to higher O3 concentrations. The clustering analysis of backward trajectory shows that the trajectory of the northward air mass was relatively clean， while the long-distance transport of the westward pollution air mass could result in an average concentration of O3pollution at urban stations as high as 139.9 μg/m3， indicating that regional transport has an undeniable impact on local O3 pollution.
2025,17(3):89-96, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.014
Abstract:
Based on the data from the national air monitoring station， the basic meteorological station in Dalian， and Global Data Assimilation System（GDAS） from the heating and non heating periods from April 2019 to March 2023， a comparative analysis of the PM2.5 pollution characteristics in Dalian during the heating and non-heating periods from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The statistical analysis of air transport trajectories and potential sources of air pollutants was performed using backward trajectory cluster analysis methods， Potential Source Contribution Function（PSCF）， and Concentration Weighted Trajectory（CWT） analysis methods. The study indicated that the PM2.5 concentration during the heating period was higher than the non-heating period， dropped obviously in 2021 and rebounded in 2022. The pollution rate of PM2.5 during the heating period was 3.2~15.6 times that of the non-heating period， with the highest rate in 2020 and the lowest in 2022. The heavy PM2.52.52.5） in the heating period and non-heating period were bimodal， and the daily variation of ρ（PM2.5） in the heating period was larger. The correlations between PM2.5 concentration and meteorological parameters were different during heating and non-heating periods. In the heating period，ρ（PM2.5） was positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity， and negatively correlated with air pressure. The non-heating period was the opposite. The results of PSCF analysis showed that the weighted potential source contribution function（WPSCF） in the heating period was significantly higher than that in the non-heating period. There were three potential pollution sources： southwest， north， and east. In the non-heating period， there was one potential source of pollution in the southwest direction. The CWT analysis results were generally consistent with the PSCF. The southwest direction was consistently the main potential pollution source area affecting the air quality in Dalian.
Based on the data from the national air monitoring station， the basic meteorological station in Dalian， and Global Data Assimilation System（GDAS） from the heating and non heating periods from April 2019 to March 2023， a comparative analysis of the PM2.5 pollution characteristics in Dalian during the heating and non-heating periods from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The statistical analysis of air transport trajectories and potential sources of air pollutants was performed using backward trajectory cluster analysis methods， Potential Source Contribution Function（PSCF）， and Concentration Weighted Trajectory（CWT） analysis methods. The study indicated that the PM2.5 concentration during the heating period was higher than the non-heating period， dropped obviously in 2021 and rebounded in 2022. The pollution rate of PM2.5 during the heating period was 3.2~15.6 times that of the non-heating period， with the highest rate in 2020 and the lowest in 2022. The heavy PM2.52.52.5） in the heating period and non-heating period were bimodal， and the daily variation of ρ（PM2.5） in the heating period was larger. The correlations between PM2.5 concentration and meteorological parameters were different during heating and non-heating periods. In the heating period，ρ（PM2.5） was positively correlated with air temperature and relative humidity， and negatively correlated with air pressure. The non-heating period was the opposite. The results of PSCF analysis showed that the weighted potential source contribution function（WPSCF） in the heating period was significantly higher than that in the non-heating period. There were three potential pollution sources： southwest， north， and east. In the non-heating period， there was one potential source of pollution in the southwest direction. The CWT analysis results were generally consistent with the PSCF. The southwest direction was consistently the main potential pollution source area affecting the air quality in Dalian.
2025,17(3):97-104, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.015
Abstract:
This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of the grassland ecosystem quality index（EQI） of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2010 to 2019. Based on the “National Ecological Status Survey and Assessment Technical Specifications—Ecosystem Quality Assessment”， combined with the three remote sensing ecological parameter data of leaf area index（LAI）， functional vegetation cover（FVC） and gross primary productivity（GPP）， this study analyzed the temporal variation characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of grassland EQI on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Using the geographical detector model， human footprint， meteorological data， carbon dioxide（CO2） levels， and other data， this study also explored the driving factors of spatial distribution of grassland EQI on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The results showed that over time， the interannual changes in the EQI value of the grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were generally stable， with EQI values between 35 and 55， and the overall ecosystem quality was at a medium level. The spatial distribution of EQI in the grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau differed significantly， and the overall ecosystem quality showed a distribution pattern of “excellent in the southeast and poor in the northwest”， forming an ecosystem quality boundary zone from Zhangye City to Shigatse City. Among natural elements， annual precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration were the main driving factors affecting the grassland ecosystem in the study area. The footprint of human activities and the near-surface relative humidity ratio also had an important impact on the spatial distribution of grassland ecosystem quality.
This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics and influencing factors of the grassland ecosystem quality index（EQI） of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 2010 to 2019. Based on the “National Ecological Status Survey and Assessment Technical Specifications—Ecosystem Quality Assessment”， combined with the three remote sensing ecological parameter data of leaf area index（LAI）， functional vegetation cover（FVC） and gross primary productivity（GPP）， this study analyzed the temporal variation characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of grassland EQI on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Using the geographical detector model， human footprint， meteorological data， carbon dioxide（CO2） levels， and other data， this study also explored the driving factors of spatial distribution of grassland EQI on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The results showed that over time， the interannual changes in the EQI value of the grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were generally stable， with EQI values between 35 and 55， and the overall ecosystem quality was at a medium level. The spatial distribution of EQI in the grassland in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau differed significantly， and the overall ecosystem quality showed a distribution pattern of “excellent in the southeast and poor in the northwest”， forming an ecosystem quality boundary zone from Zhangye City to Shigatse City. Among natural elements， annual precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration were the main driving factors affecting the grassland ecosystem in the study area. The footprint of human activities and the near-surface relative humidity ratio also had an important impact on the spatial distribution of grassland ecosystem quality.
2025,17(3):105-113, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.016
Abstract:
Significant ecological space areas are those areas of ecological space identified by the assessment as having the highest conservation value for nature and human well being. Based on the land cover monitoring data of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， this paper analyzed the composition and pattern changes of important ecological spatial ecosystems in Beijing and the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use evolution by using transition matrix， spatial autocorrelation analysis， and center of gravity migration model. The results show that from 2018 to 2022， the mean patch area of forested land showed a trend of fluctuation and decline， the degree of landscape fragmentation increased， and the patch density increased annually. All land cover types showed relatively active area transition， which were most pronounced in grassland， followed by farmland and forested land， which mainly converted to aquatic wetlands and construction land. Land use change mainly occurred in the period of 2018—2020， with the largest change in unused land（-47.33%）； however， the overall changes were smaller from 2020 to 2022. From 2018 to 2022， the intensity of land use within the key ecological spaces fluctuated insignificantly， remaining relatively stable. Notably， the land use intensity index slightly decreased in 2020 but showed a recovery and increasing trend by 2022， suggesting that the spatial aggregation of land use in key ecological spaces is continuously strengthening. This highlights the need for further attention to the potential impacts of human activities on land use types and the ecological environment.
Significant ecological space areas are those areas of ecological space identified by the assessment as having the highest conservation value for nature and human well being. Based on the land cover monitoring data of Beijing from 2018 to 2022， this paper analyzed the composition and pattern changes of important ecological spatial ecosystems in Beijing and the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use evolution by using transition matrix， spatial autocorrelation analysis， and center of gravity migration model. The results show that from 2018 to 2022， the mean patch area of forested land showed a trend of fluctuation and decline， the degree of landscape fragmentation increased， and the patch density increased annually. All land cover types showed relatively active area transition， which were most pronounced in grassland， followed by farmland and forested land， which mainly converted to aquatic wetlands and construction land. Land use change mainly occurred in the period of 2018—2020， with the largest change in unused land（-47.33%）； however， the overall changes were smaller from 2020 to 2022. From 2018 to 2022， the intensity of land use within the key ecological spaces fluctuated insignificantly， remaining relatively stable. Notably， the land use intensity index slightly decreased in 2020 but showed a recovery and increasing trend by 2022， suggesting that the spatial aggregation of land use in key ecological spaces is continuously strengthening. This highlights the need for further attention to the potential impacts of human activities on land use types and the ecological environment.
2025,17(3):114-118, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.03.017
Abstract:
To assess the level and spatial distribution of the environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in Leshan City， and to provide fundamental technical support for nuclear and radiation safety emergency monitoring and risk assessment， a survey was conducted in 2023 across 132 towns and streets in Leshan City. The study employed real time measurement methods to monitor terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates， and soil samples were collected from monitoring points for total α and total β radioactivity monitoring. A background radiation database for Leshan City's environment was established. The results show that the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in Leshan ranged from 7.5 to 174 nGy/h. The average indoor terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate was 122 nGy/h， the average outdoor terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate in open fields was 68.3 nGy/h， and the average road terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate was 66.1 nGy/h. There was no significant difference in the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates between cement concrete and asphalt pavements， although both were higher than those on dirt（gravel） roads. The terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in farmland and orchards were essentially similar but higher than those in forests. The terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate on ceramic tile floors in buildings was slightly higher than that on concrete floors. A strong positive correlation was observed between the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates and the total α and total β activity concentrations in the soil. The annual effective dose equivalent from the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in Leshan ranged from 0.58 to 0.78 mSv， with an average of 0.70 mSv， which was within the safe range of natural background radiation in China. No anomalies were observed， indicating that the radiation environment in Leshan is of good quality.
To assess the level and spatial distribution of the environmental terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate in Leshan City， and to provide fundamental technical support for nuclear and radiation safety emergency monitoring and risk assessment， a survey was conducted in 2023 across 132 towns and streets in Leshan City. The study employed real time measurement methods to monitor terrestrial gamma radiation dose rates， and soil samples were collected from monitoring points for total α and total β radioactivity monitoring. A background radiation database for Leshan City's environment was established. The results show that the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in Leshan ranged from 7.5 to 174 nGy/h. The average indoor terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate was 122 nGy/h， the average outdoor terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate in open fields was 68.3 nGy/h， and the average road terrestrial gamma radiation dose rate was 66.1 nGy/h. There was no significant difference in the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates between cement concrete and asphalt pavements， although both were higher than those on dirt（gravel） roads. The terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in farmland and orchards were essentially similar but higher than those in forests. The terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rate on ceramic tile floors in buildings was slightly higher than that on concrete floors. A strong positive correlation was observed between the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates and the total α and total β activity concentrations in the soil. The annual effective dose equivalent from the terrestrial gamma-radiation dose rates in Leshan ranged from 0.58 to 0.78 mSv， with an average of 0.70 mSv， which was within the safe range of natural background radiation in China. No anomalies were observed， indicating that the radiation environment in Leshan is of good quality.
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- 生物多样性保护及监测专刊（2024年第5期）
- 大气污染预警溯源与碳监测技术研究专刊（2023年第5期）
- 有机污染物监测溯源及风险评估专刊（2022年第5期）
- 环境与健康研究专刊（2021年第5期）
- 新型污染物环境监测技术及风险预警专刊（2020年第5期）
- 生态环境遥感监测专刊（2019年第5期）
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Abstract:
Based on the monitoring data of rural surface water environmental quality in China from 2015 to 2021, the characteristics of rural surface water environmental quality has been analyzed. Relevant parameters of agricultural and rural social and economic activities were selected, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the proportion of major factors exceeding the standard in rural surface water. Taking 2020 as the base year, a cluster analysis was carried out on 9 indicators in 31 administrative regions across the country, covering three aspects: rural surface water quality, agricultural and rural activity level and pollution pressure, and environmental capacity. The results showed that the change trend, seasonal characteristics and main over standard factors of rural surface water in China showed obvious agricultural non point source pollution characteristics. The parameters such as rural population, agricultural input use and economic crop planting proportion have strong correlation with the main indicators exceeding the standard (R>0.9); Cluster analysis divides 31 administrative regions into 7 different types of agricultural non point source pollution. According to the characteristics of agricultural non point source pollution in different regions, some points are recommen ded such as promotion of standardized scale breeding, resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, chemical fertilizer reduction action, promotion of efficient low risk pesticides and other agricultural non point source pollution control measures according to local conditions, further increase of the construction of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improvement of the rural environmental quality monitoring network, and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non point source pollution.
Based on the monitoring data of rural surface water environmental quality in China from 2015 to 2021, the characteristics of rural surface water environmental quality has been analyzed. Relevant parameters of agricultural and rural social and economic activities were selected, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the proportion of major factors exceeding the standard in rural surface water. Taking 2020 as the base year, a cluster analysis was carried out on 9 indicators in 31 administrative regions across the country, covering three aspects: rural surface water quality, agricultural and rural activity level and pollution pressure, and environmental capacity. The results showed that the change trend, seasonal characteristics and main over standard factors of rural surface water in China showed obvious agricultural non point source pollution characteristics. The parameters such as rural population, agricultural input use and economic crop planting proportion have strong correlation with the main indicators exceeding the standard (R>0.9); Cluster analysis divides 31 administrative regions into 7 different types of agricultural non point source pollution. According to the characteristics of agricultural non point source pollution in different regions, some points are recommen ded such as promotion of standardized scale breeding, resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, chemical fertilizer reduction action, promotion of efficient low risk pesticides and other agricultural non point source pollution control measures according to local conditions, further increase of the construction of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improvement of the rural environmental quality monitoring network, and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non point source pollution.
Abstract:
Dahuofang Reservoir is one of the nine key water sources for urban water supply in China. As an important drinking water source in Liaoning Province, the water quality in the reservoir directly affects the drinking water safety and health of people in the region. The characteristics and the sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed. The potential health risks of PFAS were evaluated by the health risk quotient. The results showed that the total concentration of PFAS in surface water ranged from 1.81～8.19 ng/L and showed a decreasing trend over time, among which PFOA and PFPA were the main contaminants. Only three contaminants (PFOA, PFUnA and PFDoDA) were detected in the sediment, with ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 ng/g. The concentrations of PFAS in the muscles of different fishes followed an order of Wuchang fish (2.49 ng/g)>carp (2.30 ng/g)>silver carp (2.02 ng/g)>bighead (2.01 ng/g), and the main pollutant was PFPA. It was inferred that PFAS in the water environment of Dahuofang reservoir area mainly came from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as mining, electroplating and painting based on the principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The health risk assessment results showed that there was no risk for the PFAS in surface water and fish samples.
Dahuofang Reservoir is one of the nine key water sources for urban water supply in China. As an important drinking water source in Liaoning Province, the water quality in the reservoir directly affects the drinking water safety and health of people in the region. The characteristics and the sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed. The potential health risks of PFAS were evaluated by the health risk quotient. The results showed that the total concentration of PFAS in surface water ranged from 1.81～8.19 ng/L and showed a decreasing trend over time, among which PFOA and PFPA were the main contaminants. Only three contaminants (PFOA, PFUnA and PFDoDA) were detected in the sediment, with ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 ng/g. The concentrations of PFAS in the muscles of different fishes followed an order of Wuchang fish (2.49 ng/g)>carp (2.30 ng/g)>silver carp (2.02 ng/g)>bighead (2.01 ng/g), and the main pollutant was PFPA. It was inferred that PFAS in the water environment of Dahuofang reservoir area mainly came from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as mining, electroplating and painting based on the principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The health risk assessment results showed that there was no risk for the PFAS in surface water and fish samples.
Abstract:
The spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of Perfluoroalkyl and Poly fluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in the surface water environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the sources and characteristics of PFASs are summarized. Aiming at the problems existing in the monitoring types, monitoring technologies and risk assessment of PFASs in surface water, suggestions are put forward on strengthening regular monitoring with strong focus on emerging PFASs, establishing new technologies with high specificity and high sensitivity, and screening suitable aquatic lives as environmental pollution indicators for assessment of emerging pollutants. It provides a feasible scientific reference for the investigation and remediation of the current situation of PFASs pollution in our country's surface water environment in the future.
The spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of Perfluoroalkyl and Poly fluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in the surface water environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the sources and characteristics of PFASs are summarized. Aiming at the problems existing in the monitoring types, monitoring technologies and risk assessment of PFASs in surface water, suggestions are put forward on strengthening regular monitoring with strong focus on emerging PFASs, establishing new technologies with high specificity and high sensitivity, and screening suitable aquatic lives as environmental pollution indicators for assessment of emerging pollutants. It provides a feasible scientific reference for the investigation and remediation of the current situation of PFASs pollution in our country's surface water environment in the future.
Abstract:
Based on the current status of Chinas surface water quality automatic monitoring, the current paper preliminarily discussed the early warning method system of surface water quality automatic monitoring. The overall technical route of early warning on automatic water quality monitoring has been put forward, and a variety of early warning model group framework has been built based on sudden change type early warning and gradual change type early warning, which can realize the single factor, multi factor combination, trend, status and other different cases of abnormal data early warning, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy. Finally, the implementation of early warning method of water quality automatic monitoring was introduced through the examples such as integration of the water quality automatic monitoring data, determination and cleaning of abnormal data, establishment and operation of early warning model, process of early warning information and other aspects.
Based on the current status of Chinas surface water quality automatic monitoring, the current paper preliminarily discussed the early warning method system of surface water quality automatic monitoring. The overall technical route of early warning on automatic water quality monitoring has been put forward, and a variety of early warning model group framework has been built based on sudden change type early warning and gradual change type early warning, which can realize the single factor, multi factor combination, trend, status and other different cases of abnormal data early warning, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy. Finally, the implementation of early warning method of water quality automatic monitoring was introduced through the examples such as integration of the water quality automatic monitoring data, determination and cleaning of abnormal data, establishment and operation of early warning model, process of early warning information and other aspects.
Abstract:
Fish is considered to be the important component of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the characteristics of fish communities in Jiangsu Province, a survey of fish communities in 148 surface water environmental monitoring sections was conducted during April to May 2020 using environmental DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 418 fish OTU were detected in the environmental DNA samples, and 46 species were annotated into 10 orders, 14 families and 32 genera, and 27 species of which are Cypriniformes, accounting for 81.2% of the sequences. The results showed that the fish diversity of the Huai River basin is relatively better, followed by the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin. The result has provided basic information on the structural characteristics of fish communities in surface water monitoring sections in Jiangsu Province, and gave a reference to the application and promotion of environmental DNA technology in the field of environmental monitoring.
Fish is considered to be the important component of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the characteristics of fish communities in Jiangsu Province, a survey of fish communities in 148 surface water environmental monitoring sections was conducted during April to May 2020 using environmental DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 418 fish OTU were detected in the environmental DNA samples, and 46 species were annotated into 10 orders, 14 families and 32 genera, and 27 species of which are Cypriniformes, accounting for 81.2% of the sequences. The results showed that the fish diversity of the Huai River basin is relatively better, followed by the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin. The result has provided basic information on the structural characteristics of fish communities in surface water monitoring sections in Jiangsu Province, and gave a reference to the application and promotion of environmental DNA technology in the field of environmental monitoring.
Abstract:
Using Hysplit and MeteoInfo models, the backward trajectory of Zhuzhou during special care period from 2017 to 2019 (October to march of the next year) was calculated, and trajectory cluster analysis was carried out, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis were done as well. The results showed that from October to December, the potential source area of pollutants mainly distributed in the north direction, and from January to March, the source area in the south direction continued to expand, which is related to seasonal change and monsoon transformation. In December and January, the potential source area and the intensity reached the maximum, and the transmission channel came to be the clearest. The analysis of WPSCF and WCWT in each month of special care period showed that there was an obvious WPSC high value zone originated from the central and northern part of Henan Province. It went all the way south, passed by Pingdingshan, Nanyang, and Xiangyang and then went into Hubei Province. It went forward serpentinely, after it passssed by Jingzhou, it crossed the Yangtze River and entered Hunan through Yueyang Huarong, and then passed by Changde and Yiyang to reach Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group by an arc path. This path was the main transmission channel for pollutants from the north to affect Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group in December. WCWT analysis indicated similar results, and the channel path was wider. The potential source area in January was fan shaped in the north direction and finger shaped in Henan, Anhui and other provinces. Through the inspection of heavy pollution cases on December 5, 2017, it was found that the transmission trajectory was consistent with the analyzed transmission channel.
Using Hysplit and MeteoInfo models, the backward trajectory of Zhuzhou during special care period from 2017 to 2019 (October to march of the next year) was calculated, and trajectory cluster analysis was carried out, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis were done as well. The results showed that from October to December, the potential source area of pollutants mainly distributed in the north direction, and from January to March, the source area in the south direction continued to expand, which is related to seasonal change and monsoon transformation. In December and January, the potential source area and the intensity reached the maximum, and the transmission channel came to be the clearest. The analysis of WPSCF and WCWT in each month of special care period showed that there was an obvious WPSC high value zone originated from the central and northern part of Henan Province. It went all the way south, passed by Pingdingshan, Nanyang, and Xiangyang and then went into Hubei Province. It went forward serpentinely, after it passssed by Jingzhou, it crossed the Yangtze River and entered Hunan through Yueyang Huarong, and then passed by Changde and Yiyang to reach Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group by an arc path. This path was the main transmission channel for pollutants from the north to affect Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group in December. WCWT analysis indicated similar results, and the channel path was wider. The potential source area in January was fan shaped in the north direction and finger shaped in Henan, Anhui and other provinces. Through the inspection of heavy pollution cases on December 5, 2017, it was found that the transmission trajectory was consistent with the analyzed transmission channel.
Abstract:
The monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) is the important supports for achieving China’s target of peak carbon emission and zero carbon. This paper summarized the GHG monitoring standards form World Meteorological Organization, China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Ecological Environment, reviewed the major GHG measurement technologies including the non dispersive infrared method, gas chromatography, optical cavity ring down spectroscopy, off axis cavity integral system. The principles, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed, the suitable application scenarios of different methods were proposed, the importance of sampling and calibration system was highlighted, the development of GHG measurement technology was forecasted. It is expected to provide reference and support for China’s greenhouse gas monitoring network.
The monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) is the important supports for achieving China’s target of peak carbon emission and zero carbon. This paper summarized the GHG monitoring standards form World Meteorological Organization, China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Ecological Environment, reviewed the major GHG measurement technologies including the non dispersive infrared method, gas chromatography, optical cavity ring down spectroscopy, off axis cavity integral system. The principles, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed, the suitable application scenarios of different methods were proposed, the importance of sampling and calibration system was highlighted, the development of GHG measurement technology was forecasted. It is expected to provide reference and support for China’s greenhouse gas monitoring network.
Abstract:
Air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has become an important factor affecting human health, and its health effects and inflammatory mechanisms have been widely concerned by people. This article briefly describes the pollution status at home and abroad. The harm to human health was systematically expounded in terms of the chemical components of PM2.5. In addition, the toxic mechanism of PM2.5 causing body inflammation was summarized and discussed from two aspects of signal pathway and autophagy, so as to provide the corresponding scientific reference basis for the follow up research and control of the harm of atmospheric particulate matter to body health.
Air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has become an important factor affecting human health, and its health effects and inflammatory mechanisms have been widely concerned by people. This article briefly describes the pollution status at home and abroad. The harm to human health was systematically expounded in terms of the chemical components of PM2.5. In addition, the toxic mechanism of PM2.5 causing body inflammation was summarized and discussed from two aspects of signal pathway and autophagy, so as to provide the corresponding scientific reference basis for the follow up research and control of the harm of atmospheric particulate matter to body health.
Abstract:
This study investigated the variation trend of air quality in Beijing and its causes by using the data of air pollutants and meteorological conditions from 2013 to 2018. The results showed that the air quality of Beijing improved obviously in the past six years, there were 227 days reached primary and secondary standards in 2018 compared with 176 days in 2013. Heavy polluted days decreased year by year, from 58 days in 2013 to 14 days in 2018. Due to the influence of pollution source emissions, climate phenomenon and meteorological conditions, the average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has shown a trend of decrease with fluctuation in the past six years, which is more significantly in autumn and winter. The PM2.5 pollution was significant in the fall and winter of 2014—2016, the average concentration of PM2.5 reached the level of middle pollution in October 2014, November—December 2015 and December 2016. However, the average monthly concentration of PM2.5 did not reached the polluted level in autumn and winter of 2017—2018. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that the surface relative humidity and intermediate temperature have a strong positive correlation with air pollutants, while the north wind frequency and surface wind speed have a negative correlation. Based on the meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants such as CO, SO2 and NO2, the PM2.5 concentration was well reproduced by the multiple fitting model. Correlation coefficients between the calculated values and observed values were ranging from 0.900 to 0.947, which further confirmed that meteorological conditions and pollution source emission have a significant influence on PM2.5 pollution.
This study investigated the variation trend of air quality in Beijing and its causes by using the data of air pollutants and meteorological conditions from 2013 to 2018. The results showed that the air quality of Beijing improved obviously in the past six years, there were 227 days reached primary and secondary standards in 2018 compared with 176 days in 2013. Heavy polluted days decreased year by year, from 58 days in 2013 to 14 days in 2018. Due to the influence of pollution source emissions, climate phenomenon and meteorological conditions, the average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has shown a trend of decrease with fluctuation in the past six years, which is more significantly in autumn and winter. The PM2.5 pollution was significant in the fall and winter of 2014—2016, the average concentration of PM2.5 reached the level of middle pollution in October 2014, November—December 2015 and December 2016. However, the average monthly concentration of PM2.5 did not reached the polluted level in autumn and winter of 2017—2018. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that the surface relative humidity and intermediate temperature have a strong positive correlation with air pollutants, while the north wind frequency and surface wind speed have a negative correlation. Based on the meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants such as CO, SO2 and NO2, the PM2.5 concentration was well reproduced by the multiple fitting model. Correlation coefficients between the calculated values and observed values were ranging from 0.900 to 0.947, which further confirmed that meteorological conditions and pollution source emission have a significant influence on PM2.5 pollution.
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Sediment samples from 63 monitoring points in Yangcheng Lake were collected in February 2020, and the mass ratios of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) in sediments were determined. Their spatial distribution characteristics in 6 areas of Yangcheng Lake (southeast, northeast, south-central, north-central, southwest and northwest) were analyzed, and pollution assessment was carried out based on comprehensive pollution index (FF) and organic pollution index (OI). The results show that the mean values of ω(TN),ω(TP) and ω(OM) in sediments are 1 102, 822 mg/kg and 32.8 g/kg, respectively. Among them, there are high differences in the spatial distribution of ω(TN) and ω(OM). The overall spatial distribution of ω(TP) shows a gradually decreasing trend from west lake to middle lake and east lake, while ω(TN) and ω(OM) are opposite to ω(TP); The evaluation results of TN pollution index, TP pollution index, FF and OI of the whole lake are Grade 2 (mild pollution), Grade 4 (severe pollution), Grade 3 (moderate pollution) and Grade III (still clean), respectively.
Sediment samples from 63 monitoring points in Yangcheng Lake were collected in February 2020, and the mass ratios of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) in sediments were determined. Their spatial distribution characteristics in 6 areas of Yangcheng Lake (southeast, northeast, south-central, north-central, southwest and northwest) were analyzed, and pollution assessment was carried out based on comprehensive pollution index (FF) and organic pollution index (OI). The results show that the mean values of ω(TN),ω(TP) and ω(OM) in sediments are 1 102, 822 mg/kg and 32.8 g/kg, respectively. Among them, there are high differences in the spatial distribution of ω(TN) and ω(OM). The overall spatial distribution of ω(TP) shows a gradually decreasing trend from west lake to middle lake and east lake, while ω(TN) and ω(OM) are opposite to ω(TP); The evaluation results of TN pollution index, TP pollution index, FF and OI of the whole lake are Grade 2 (mild pollution), Grade 4 (severe pollution), Grade 3 (moderate pollution) and Grade III (still clean), respectively.
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A method was established to simultaneously determine 116 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air by GC-MS equipped with cold oven technique followed by canister sampling and cryogenic pre concentration. Ambient air was collected by a SUMMA canister and pre concentrated by liquid nitrogen. Total 116 VOCs was separated on one capillary column with only one injection and then analyzed by MS detector. By optimizing parameters of pre concentration and temperature programming, low carbon compounds were successfully remained on the capillary column with initial temperature starting at -35℃. Therefore, both low carbon and high carbon compounds could be simultaneously separated on one capillary column. This instrument was simple without too many accessories such as deans switch and auxiliary detectors. The quantitative method exhibited a good linearity. Both the precision and accuracy could meet the quality control requirements. The detection limits were in the range of 0.03×10-9to 0.10×10-9, and this method was applicable for the determination of VOCs in ambient air.
A method was established to simultaneously determine 116 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air by GC-MS equipped with cold oven technique followed by canister sampling and cryogenic pre concentration. Ambient air was collected by a SUMMA canister and pre concentrated by liquid nitrogen. Total 116 VOCs was separated on one capillary column with only one injection and then analyzed by MS detector. By optimizing parameters of pre concentration and temperature programming, low carbon compounds were successfully remained on the capillary column with initial temperature starting at -35℃. Therefore, both low carbon and high carbon compounds could be simultaneously separated on one capillary column. This instrument was simple without too many accessories such as deans switch and auxiliary detectors. The quantitative method exhibited a good linearity. Both the precision and accuracy could meet the quality control requirements. The detection limits were in the range of 0.03×10-9to 0.10×10-9, and this method was applicable for the determination of VOCs in ambient air.
Abstract:
A method for analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was established using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).good linear relationship in the range from 10 to 500 ng/L. The detection limits were 2.3 to 8.3 ng/L and the precision was 2.1% to 7.1%. The recoveries 10 PFCs in wastewater ranged from 60.6% to 91.7%. The results showed that PFOA, PFHxS and PFBS were main pollutants in influents ranging from 909 to 206 ng/L. PFOA and PFHxS had been mainly detected in effluents ranging from 67.4 to 158 ng/L. The daily es of PFCs at six WWTPS were 6.7 to 22.9 g/d. The method was suitable for the detection of PFCs residues in wastewater from WWTPs.
A method for analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was established using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).good linear relationship in the range from 10 to 500 ng/L. The detection limits were 2.3 to 8.3 ng/L and the precision was 2.1% to 7.1%. The recoveries 10 PFCs in wastewater ranged from 60.6% to 91.7%. The results showed that PFOA, PFHxS and PFBS were main pollutants in influents ranging from 909 to 206 ng/L. PFOA and PFHxS had been mainly detected in effluents ranging from 67.4 to 158 ng/L. The daily es of PFCs at six WWTPS were 6.7 to 22.9 g/d. The method was suitable for the detection of PFCs residues in wastewater from WWTPs.
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This study briefly reviews the research advance on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Disinfection by poroducts(DBPs) in drinking water. This article summarizes the genotoxicity of DBPs from the results of the Ames test, SOS/umu test, comet test, micronucleus test, and some novel mutagenic tests; the carcinogenicity of DBPs is analyzed from three aspects: toxicology test, epidemiological research, and carcinogenic risk assessment. The review provides references for future research on the toxic effects and mechanisms of DBPs in drinking water, and promotes the development of drinking water quality management and legislation.
This study briefly reviews the research advance on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Disinfection by poroducts(DBPs) in drinking water. This article summarizes the genotoxicity of DBPs from the results of the Ames test, SOS/umu test, comet test, micronucleus test, and some novel mutagenic tests; the carcinogenicity of DBPs is analyzed from three aspects: toxicology test, epidemiological research, and carcinogenic risk assessment. The review provides references for future research on the toxic effects and mechanisms of DBPs in drinking water, and promotes the development of drinking water quality management and legislation.
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This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
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In order to study the applicability of biological acute toxicity monitoring method to the monitoring of effluent from typical chemical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 4 levels of subject creatures, including photobacterium, algae,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio were selected to test the acute toxicity of the effluent from 2 typical chemical WWTPs (Chang A and Chang B). Acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity of plant algae were detected in both two WWTPs. The acute toxicity of influent was usually greater than effluent, but the effluent showed highly toxicity when a large number of oxidizing disinfectants were added. The maximum value of chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity appeared in the influent of Chang B. The acute toxicity of Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was only detected in the water samples from Chang B. Though the water samples downstream the receiving river showed no acute toxicity, the development malformation of Danio rerio were observed. Among the four methods of acute toxicity detection, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used, and the methods of acute toxicity of plant algal chlorophyll fluorescence,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio are alternative according to the purpose of monitoring and the characteristics of industrial parks. The experimental results can provide a choice for normalizing the monitoring of biological toxicity in the process of effluent discharge in industrial WWTPs and provide a basis for the management department to formulate the discharge standards.
In order to study the applicability of biological acute toxicity monitoring method to the monitoring of effluent from typical chemical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 4 levels of subject creatures, including photobacterium, algae,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio were selected to test the acute toxicity of the effluent from 2 typical chemical WWTPs (Chang A and Chang B). Acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity of plant algae were detected in both two WWTPs. The acute toxicity of influent was usually greater than effluent, but the effluent showed highly toxicity when a large number of oxidizing disinfectants were added. The maximum value of chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity appeared in the influent of Chang B. The acute toxicity of Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was only detected in the water samples from Chang B. Though the water samples downstream the receiving river showed no acute toxicity, the development malformation of Danio rerio were observed. Among the four methods of acute toxicity detection, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used, and the methods of acute toxicity of plant algal chlorophyll fluorescence,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio are alternative according to the purpose of monitoring and the characteristics of industrial parks. The experimental results can provide a choice for normalizing the monitoring of biological toxicity in the process of effluent discharge in industrial WWTPs and provide a basis for the management department to formulate the discharge standards.
Abstract:
The C2RCC processor , which is based on neuro network algorithm and implemented on SNAP software for remote sensing data, was used to the retrieval of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended matter(TSM) concentrations from Sentinel 3 OLCI imagery in south Yellow Sea, China. The results were compared with chlorophyll a and TSM concentrations of the in situ surface water samples in May,2019 through the cruise conducted by Jiangsu Provincial Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center. The results showed retrieval of Chl a hasn’t be able to cater for routine operational application. The spatial pattern of TSM showed better agreement with measured data. In Nantong sub region of south Yellow Sea, when the sampling dates were 1 day difference with or of the same day as Setinel 3, the coincidence of spatial variability patterns from satellite and in situ cruise for Chl a , and retrieved and in situ TSM, showed favorable agreements, hence remote sensing retrievals can to some extent meet operational requirements of monitoring the sub region ecosystem of south Yellow Sea.
The C2RCC processor , which is based on neuro network algorithm and implemented on SNAP software for remote sensing data, was used to the retrieval of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended matter(TSM) concentrations from Sentinel 3 OLCI imagery in south Yellow Sea, China. The results were compared with chlorophyll a and TSM concentrations of the in situ surface water samples in May,2019 through the cruise conducted by Jiangsu Provincial Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center. The results showed retrieval of Chl a hasn’t be able to cater for routine operational application. The spatial pattern of TSM showed better agreement with measured data. In Nantong sub region of south Yellow Sea, when the sampling dates were 1 day difference with or of the same day as Setinel 3, the coincidence of spatial variability patterns from satellite and in situ cruise for Chl a , and retrieved and in situ TSM, showed favorable agreements, hence remote sensing retrievals can to some extent meet operational requirements of monitoring the sub region ecosystem of south Yellow Sea.
Abstract:
The characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 of Pudong urban and suburban areas in 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that K, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg and Al were the dominant metal elements in PM2.5. The annual mean value of K was 2973 ng/m3.In Pudong urban area, different elements showed different variation characteristics. While most of the elements in suburban area varied as follows: there was a monthly decline during spring, and fluctuations were observed in summer and in fall, but an increase was found after October. Source analysis showed that: dust + road source + construction dust, coal combustion, industrial emissions, metal smelting, ship emissions, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion were the six main sources of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in urban areas of Pudong new area. The contribution rate of dust + road source + construction dust to Ca was 82.7%, coal combustion to As was 86.6%, industrial emissions to SO2-4 was 65.9%, metal smelting to Cr was 75.7%, ship emissions to V was 97.5%, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion to Cl- was 93.0%. The main sources of coal combustion and metal smelting were from the west. Ship discharge distributed in the Yangtze estuary and its extension zone. The concentration of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in Pudong New Area is closely related to the emission intensity of local sources, external transmission and atmospheric diffusion conditions.
The characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 of Pudong urban and suburban areas in 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that K, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg and Al were the dominant metal elements in PM2.5. The annual mean value of K was 2973 ng/m3.In Pudong urban area, different elements showed different variation characteristics. While most of the elements in suburban area varied as follows: there was a monthly decline during spring, and fluctuations were observed in summer and in fall, but an increase was found after October. Source analysis showed that: dust + road source + construction dust, coal combustion, industrial emissions, metal smelting, ship emissions, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion were the six main sources of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in urban areas of Pudong new area. The contribution rate of dust + road source + construction dust to Ca was 82.7%, coal combustion to As was 86.6%, industrial emissions to SO2-4 was 65.9%, metal smelting to Cr was 75.7%, ship emissions to V was 97.5%, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion to Cl- was 93.0%. The main sources of coal combustion and metal smelting were from the west. Ship discharge distributed in the Yangtze estuary and its extension zone. The concentration of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in Pudong New Area is closely related to the emission intensity of local sources, external transmission and atmospheric diffusion conditions.
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Assessment for Human Activities of Shandong Provincial Nature Reserves
Abstract:
Based on high resolution satellite image in 2018, the information of human land use activities on nature reserves in Shandong Province was extracted to study the impact of human activities on nature reserves. The results showed that the area of human activities accounts for 22.2% of the total area of the nature reserves, and the human activity effect indices ranged from 0 to 0.013 68. Different types of nature reserves have different areas of human activity and the main impact factor differs with each other significantly. The main human activities of forestry ecosystem nature reserves are agricultural land, while the main human activities of wetland reserves are aquaculture. Wetland nature reserve is the most serious disturbed reserve，and wildlife nature reserve is least affected by human activities.
Based on high resolution satellite image in 2018, the information of human land use activities on nature reserves in Shandong Province was extracted to study the impact of human activities on nature reserves. The results showed that the area of human activities accounts for 22.2% of the total area of the nature reserves, and the human activity effect indices ranged from 0 to 0.013 68. Different types of nature reserves have different areas of human activity and the main impact factor differs with each other significantly. The main human activities of forestry ecosystem nature reserves are agricultural land, while the main human activities of wetland reserves are aquaculture. Wetland nature reserve is the most serious disturbed reserve，and wildlife nature reserve is least affected by human activities.
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Abstract:
Environmental monitoring is an important part of water ecological health evaluation. Traditional chemical based water quality monitoring usually provides only a few pieces of data, which could not reflect the reality state of the water body. Biologically oriented monitoring of the water environment directly responds to complex water conditions through the response of organisms to the environment, and occupies an important position in water health monitoring and assessment. To this end, this paper introduces conventional biological indicators in bio monitoring and summarises the environmental indicators of common indicator organisms including algae, invertebrates and fish in different types of polluted water bodies, based on pathogenic microorganisms and indicator organisms. The common methods for testing toxicity effects are introduced from the perspective of bio toxicity effects, and the responses of pollutants at different biological levels are analysed, thus indicating the advantages of the development of bio toxicity effects in the assessment of water environment health. The general approach to ecological integrity assessment and the application of emerging molecular biology techniques in water ecological health assessment are then described from the perspective of ecological integrity. It highlights the advantages of environmental toxicology and molecular biology in water environment monitoring, in order to provide support for more scientific and accurate water ecological health monitoring and early warning.
Environmental monitoring is an important part of water ecological health evaluation. Traditional chemical based water quality monitoring usually provides only a few pieces of data, which could not reflect the reality state of the water body. Biologically oriented monitoring of the water environment directly responds to complex water conditions through the response of organisms to the environment, and occupies an important position in water health monitoring and assessment. To this end, this paper introduces conventional biological indicators in bio monitoring and summarises the environmental indicators of common indicator organisms including algae, invertebrates and fish in different types of polluted water bodies, based on pathogenic microorganisms and indicator organisms. The common methods for testing toxicity effects are introduced from the perspective of bio toxicity effects, and the responses of pollutants at different biological levels are analysed, thus indicating the advantages of the development of bio toxicity effects in the assessment of water environment health. The general approach to ecological integrity assessment and the application of emerging molecular biology techniques in water ecological health assessment are then described from the perspective of ecological integrity. It highlights the advantages of environmental toxicology and molecular biology in water environment monitoring, in order to provide support for more scientific and accurate water ecological health monitoring and early warning.
Abstract:
As an integral part of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei water conservation functional area， the Yudaokou area of Chengde City is an important ecological support for the sustainable development of the region Based on the InVEST model(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs)， this study quantitatively analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of water yield and water conservation in Yudaokou area from 1990 to 2020， and uses scenario simulation to analyze and evaluate the impact of climatic factors and land use changes on water yield and water conservation The results showed as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2020， the average water production depth and water conservation depth in Yudaokou area were 103.26 and 81.66 mm respectively， and the water production and water conservation capacity showed a fluctuating trend of decreasing first and then increasing; The spatial distribution characteristics of them were high in the northeast and low in the southwest The high value areas were mainly concentrated in the northeast forest and grassland areas， while the low value areas were mainly concentrated in the unused land and the southwest cultivated land areas (2) Among the climatic factors， the water yield， water conservation and precipitation were positively correlated， while the potential evapotranspiration was negatively correlated; Among all land use types， the average water yield contribution rate of grassland was the largest (51.23%)， and the average water conservation contribution rate of forest land was the largest (50.77%) (3) From 1990 to 2020， the average annual contribution rates of climate and land use change to water yield change were 9499% and 501% respectively， and the average annual contribution rates to water conservation change were 92.21% and 7.79% respectively Climate change is the leading factor for the space time evolution of water production and water conservation function in Yudaokou area， while the impact of land use change is gradually increasing.
As an integral part of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei water conservation functional area， the Yudaokou area of Chengde City is an important ecological support for the sustainable development of the region Based on the InVEST model(Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade offs)， this study quantitatively analyzes the temporal and spatial evolution of water yield and water conservation in Yudaokou area from 1990 to 2020， and uses scenario simulation to analyze and evaluate the impact of climatic factors and land use changes on water yield and water conservation The results showed as follows: (1) From 1990 to 2020， the average water production depth and water conservation depth in Yudaokou area were 103.26 and 81.66 mm respectively， and the water production and water conservation capacity showed a fluctuating trend of decreasing first and then increasing; The spatial distribution characteristics of them were high in the northeast and low in the southwest The high value areas were mainly concentrated in the northeast forest and grassland areas， while the low value areas were mainly concentrated in the unused land and the southwest cultivated land areas (2) Among the climatic factors， the water yield， water conservation and precipitation were positively correlated， while the potential evapotranspiration was negatively correlated; Among all land use types， the average water yield contribution rate of grassland was the largest (51.23%)， and the average water conservation contribution rate of forest land was the largest (50.77%) (3) From 1990 to 2020， the average annual contribution rates of climate and land use change to water yield change were 9499% and 501% respectively， and the average annual contribution rates to water conservation change were 92.21% and 7.79% respectively Climate change is the leading factor for the space time evolution of water production and water conservation function in Yudaokou area， while the impact of land use change is gradually increasing.
2024,16(1):104-108, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.017
Abstract:
Compared with water and air pollution， soil pollution is characterized by concealment， hysteresis and accumulation， and the restoration of contaminated soil are costly， long cycle and difficult， so it is necessary to strengthen source prevention and control to prevent problems before they occur. This paper briefly describes the management requirements of key soil pollution supervision units in China， sorts out the management points of key soil pollution supervision units from the four links of environmental access period， construction period， operation period and decommissioning period， analyzes the management status and existing problems of key soil pollution supervision units in Jiangsu Province， and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening publicity and training， implementing categorical and hierarchical management， exploring and carrying out technical models of management and control while production， and improving the supervision capacity of grassroots management departments， in order to provide decision making reference for soil environmental management in Jiangsu Province.
Compared with water and air pollution， soil pollution is characterized by concealment， hysteresis and accumulation， and the restoration of contaminated soil are costly， long cycle and difficult， so it is necessary to strengthen source prevention and control to prevent problems before they occur. This paper briefly describes the management requirements of key soil pollution supervision units in China， sorts out the management points of key soil pollution supervision units from the four links of environmental access period， construction period， operation period and decommissioning period， analyzes the management status and existing problems of key soil pollution supervision units in Jiangsu Province， and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening publicity and training， implementing categorical and hierarchical management， exploring and carrying out technical models of management and control while production， and improving the supervision capacity of grassroots management departments， in order to provide decision making reference for soil environmental management in Jiangsu Province.
2024,16(1):68-73, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.011
Abstract:
Traditional water quality detection methods are time consuming and laborious， hyperspectral based water quality monitoring enables rapid， intuitive， and in situ monitoring of water quality. In this paper， taking the Sanwan section of the ancient canal in Yangzhou as the research area， based on the combination of UAV hyperspectral and water quality navigation monitoring vessel， the water ground collaborative mode and partial least squares algorithm were used to quantitatively invert the water quality parameters such as TP， NH3-N， TN， and IMn. The results show that the R2 of the partial least squares inversion model is between 91%～97%. The order of fitting effect was NH3-N>IMn>TN>TP. The absolute value of the inversion error of each index is between 0.2%～4%. The current method has a good inversion effect and can quickly and accurately obtain the distribution of urban river water quality， which is of great significance to urban water environment monitoring.
Traditional water quality detection methods are time consuming and laborious， hyperspectral based water quality monitoring enables rapid， intuitive， and in situ monitoring of water quality. In this paper， taking the Sanwan section of the ancient canal in Yangzhou as the research area， based on the combination of UAV hyperspectral and water quality navigation monitoring vessel， the water ground collaborative mode and partial least squares algorithm were used to quantitatively invert the water quality parameters such as TP， NH3-N， TN， and IMn. The results show that the R2 of the partial least squares inversion model is between 91%～97%. The order of fitting effect was NH3-N>IMn>TN>TP. The absolute value of the inversion error of each index is between 0.2%～4%. The current method has a good inversion effect and can quickly and accurately obtain the distribution of urban river water quality， which is of great significance to urban water environment monitoring.
2023,15(5):1-7, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2023.05.001
Abstract:
Based on the ambient air quality monitoring data from 339 cities in China during 2013 to 2022，the characteristics of the ambient air quality variations during the past 10 years were analyzed. The results showed that，national ambient air quality was significantly improved in the recent decade. PM2.5 concentration in 74 key cities across the country decreased from 68 μg/m3 in 2013 to 29 μg/m3 in 2022，with the magnitude of 57.4%. As for the primary emission pollutant，the concentration of SO2 and NO2 decreased by 71.9% and 27.6%，respectively in 10 years，and CO concentration decreased by 42.1% since 2015. O3 concentration fluctuated in these years，which was affected by high temperature and drought. Its concentration was 148 and 145 μg/m3 in 2019 and 2022 respectively，and fluctuated from 137 to 139 μg/m3 in other years. The proportion of attainment days in 74 key cities rose from 65.7% in 2013 to 83.0% in 2022. That is equivalent to an annual increase of 65 attainment days per city over 10 years. The proportion of heavily polluted days decreased from 7.9% to 0.6%， which means 90% of the heavily polluted days were reduced. During 2020—2022，more than 90% of the heavy pollution days appeared in fall and winter with no sand and dust. O3 nonattainment days in summer and fall had a significant impact on the proportion of attainment days. It is recommended to further strengthen the joint prevention and control of pollution in key regions and cities， and strengthen the synergistic management of multi pollutants，so as to promote the sustained improvement of air quality.
Based on the ambient air quality monitoring data from 339 cities in China during 2013 to 2022，the characteristics of the ambient air quality variations during the past 10 years were analyzed. The results showed that，national ambient air quality was significantly improved in the recent decade. PM2.5 concentration in 74 key cities across the country decreased from 68 μg/m3 in 2013 to 29 μg/m3 in 2022，with the magnitude of 57.4%. As for the primary emission pollutant，the concentration of SO2 and NO2 decreased by 71.9% and 27.6%，respectively in 10 years，and CO concentration decreased by 42.1% since 2015. O3 concentration fluctuated in these years，which was affected by high temperature and drought. Its concentration was 148 and 145 μg/m3 in 2019 and 2022 respectively，and fluctuated from 137 to 139 μg/m3 in other years. The proportion of attainment days in 74 key cities rose from 65.7% in 2013 to 83.0% in 2022. That is equivalent to an annual increase of 65 attainment days per city over 10 years. The proportion of heavily polluted days decreased from 7.9% to 0.6%， which means 90% of the heavily polluted days were reduced. During 2020—2022，more than 90% of the heavy pollution days appeared in fall and winter with no sand and dust. O3 nonattainment days in summer and fall had a significant impact on the proportion of attainment days. It is recommended to further strengthen the joint prevention and control of pollution in key regions and cities， and strengthen the synergistic management of multi pollutants，so as to promote the sustained improvement of air quality.
Preliminary Analysis of China‘s Provincial Carbon Emissions and the Synergy with Pollution Reduction
2024,16(4):143-150, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.04.018
Abstract:
Under the background of Chinas peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality goals， based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2018 to 2021， this paper used the method given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC） to calculate carbon emissions using energy consumption data and emission factors， analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of China‘s carbon dioxide（CO2 ） emissions， and used the emission reduction synergy effect quantitative evaluation method to evaluate the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in various provinces and cities. The results show that： China's total carbon emissions are increasing year by year， but the growth rate has begun to slow down since 2021； A high value carbon emission area centered on North China and South China has been formed， roughly showing a “low in the south and high in the north” pattern， the carbon emissions and growth rates in most provinces and cities are still increasing； About 70% of the provinces and cities have not yet formed a synergistic effect between carbon emissions and air pollution/air quality， and local governments should strengthen the control of carbon emissions. Therefore， it is recommended that all provinces and cities in China improve the utilization rate of clean energy， develop low-carbon technologies according to local conditions， so as to reduce carbon emissions and achieve synergy in pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
Under the background of Chinas peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality goals， based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2018 to 2021， this paper used the method given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC） to calculate carbon emissions using energy consumption data and emission factors， analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of China‘s carbon dioxide（CO2 ） emissions， and used the emission reduction synergy effect quantitative evaluation method to evaluate the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in various provinces and cities. The results show that： China's total carbon emissions are increasing year by year， but the growth rate has begun to slow down since 2021； A high value carbon emission area centered on North China and South China has been formed， roughly showing a “low in the south and high in the north” pattern， the carbon emissions and growth rates in most provinces and cities are still increasing； About 70% of the provinces and cities have not yet formed a synergistic effect between carbon emissions and air pollution/air quality， and local governments should strengthen the control of carbon emissions. Therefore， it is recommended that all provinces and cities in China improve the utilization rate of clean energy， develop low-carbon technologies according to local conditions， so as to reduce carbon emissions and achieve synergy in pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
Abstract:
The industrial park is the core unit for the concentrated development of Chinas industries， talents and advanced elements， and is also one of the places where energy consumption and carbon emissions are most concentrated. Under the dual carbon goal， various parks will play a crucial role in the practice of the “dual carbon” strategy.In this paper， the characteristics of carbon emission in the industrial park are analyzed， a carbon emission identification model is built， the carbon emission data in the industrial park is calculated by using the coefficient method combined with the “top down” and “bottom up” methods， the main influencing factors of carbon emission in the industrial park and low carbon development ideas are analyzed by using Kaya identity， improved STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population， Affluence， and Technology) model and LMDI（Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia Index）model， and the green development path of the industrial park are planned by using LEAP（Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System/Low emission analysis platform） model. The current research provides technical support for carbon peak and carbon neutralization in the industrial park.
The industrial park is the core unit for the concentrated development of Chinas industries， talents and advanced elements， and is also one of the places where energy consumption and carbon emissions are most concentrated. Under the dual carbon goal， various parks will play a crucial role in the practice of the “dual carbon” strategy.In this paper， the characteristics of carbon emission in the industrial park are analyzed， a carbon emission identification model is built， the carbon emission data in the industrial park is calculated by using the coefficient method combined with the “top down” and “bottom up” methods， the main influencing factors of carbon emission in the industrial park and low carbon development ideas are analyzed by using Kaya identity， improved STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population， Affluence， and Technology) model and LMDI（Logarithmic Mean Weight Divisia Index）model， and the green development path of the industrial park are planned by using LEAP（Long Range Energy Alternatives Planning System/Low emission analysis platform） model. The current research provides technical support for carbon peak and carbon neutralization in the industrial park.
Abstract:
The pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in typical media of Guanhe estuary in Northern Jiangsu was investigated in January, July and November 2018. The enrichment, composition characteristics and ecological risks of 16 PAHs in water samples, sediments, plants and biological samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS).The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs in water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediment is higher in dry season(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g) than that in flood season(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g); the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments in different seasons were dominated by 2+3 rings PAHs; the mass concentration of BaA, CHR, B［b+k］FA, BaP and IP in water phase were higher than the water quality standards recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA), fluorene (FL) and phenanthrene (PHE) in suspended particulate matter and sediments may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms; the defoliation effect of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis makes the mass concentration of PAHs in sediments higher than that in bare beach; the composition of PAHs in root sediments of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora is quite different; the average mass concentration of PAHs in male and female crabs was much higher in mature stage (November) than in growth stage (July), and crabs was more likely to enrich low ring number(2+3 rings) PAHs.
The pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in typical media of Guanhe estuary in Northern Jiangsu was investigated in January, July and November 2018. The enrichment, composition characteristics and ecological risks of 16 PAHs in water samples, sediments, plants and biological samples were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC MS).The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs in water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediment is higher in dry season(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g) than that in flood season(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g); the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments in different seasons were dominated by 2+3 rings PAHs; the mass concentration of BaA, CHR, B［b+k］FA, BaP and IP in water phase were higher than the water quality standards recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA), fluorene (FL) and phenanthrene (PHE) in suspended particulate matter and sediments may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms; the defoliation effect of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis makes the mass concentration of PAHs in sediments higher than that in bare beach; the composition of PAHs in root sediments of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora is quite different; the average mass concentration of PAHs in male and female crabs was much higher in mature stage (November) than in growth stage (July), and crabs was more likely to enrich low ring number(2+3 rings) PAHs.
2024,16(2):87-93, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.013
Abstract:
In order to comprehensively grasp the changes of water quality along the Han River after it enters and leaves Xiangyang urban area， and reasonably formulate corresponding protection measures， a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the water environment quality， change trend and related characteristics of Xiangyang section of Han River is carried out based on the water quality monitoring data of the exit section， entry section and tributaries of Xiangyang urban section of Han River from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that the water quality of exit and entry sections of Xiangyang urban section of the Han River from 2018 to 2022 was generally good， but the main indices of ammonia nitrogen， total phosphorus and total nitrogen in exit sections were significantly higher than those in entry sections， and the inflow of major tributaries Tangbai River， Qing River and Nanqu River had a greater impact on the water quality of exit sections. From 2018 to 2021， the concentrations of the main monitoring indicators during the water period were greater than those in the dry period， while that were quite the reverse in 2022. The contribution of nitrogen pollution to water quality in Xiangyang urban section of Han River was obviously higher than that of phosphorus pollution， which was still mainly nitrogen pollution， and nitrogen in water quality mainly exists in forms other than free ammonia and ammonium salt. The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation between ammonia nitrogen and the other indicators in entry sections was inconsistent with that in exit sections， the same inconsistence was observed between total nitrogen and the other indicators. While the correlation between total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and other parameters were basically consistent. The results can provide scientific basis for the improvement of water environment and pollution control measures of Han River.
In order to comprehensively grasp the changes of water quality along the Han River after it enters and leaves Xiangyang urban area， and reasonably formulate corresponding protection measures， a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the water environment quality， change trend and related characteristics of Xiangyang section of Han River is carried out based on the water quality monitoring data of the exit section， entry section and tributaries of Xiangyang urban section of Han River from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that the water quality of exit and entry sections of Xiangyang urban section of the Han River from 2018 to 2022 was generally good， but the main indices of ammonia nitrogen， total phosphorus and total nitrogen in exit sections were significantly higher than those in entry sections， and the inflow of major tributaries Tangbai River， Qing River and Nanqu River had a greater impact on the water quality of exit sections. From 2018 to 2021， the concentrations of the main monitoring indicators during the water period were greater than those in the dry period， while that were quite the reverse in 2022. The contribution of nitrogen pollution to water quality in Xiangyang urban section of Han River was obviously higher than that of phosphorus pollution， which was still mainly nitrogen pollution， and nitrogen in water quality mainly exists in forms other than free ammonia and ammonium salt. The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation between ammonia nitrogen and the other indicators in entry sections was inconsistent with that in exit sections， the same inconsistence was observed between total nitrogen and the other indicators. While the correlation between total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and other parameters were basically consistent. The results can provide scientific basis for the improvement of water environment and pollution control measures of Han River.
2024,16(2):80-86, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.012
Abstract:
To improve the environmental improvement effect of water diversion projects， it is necessary to analyze the self connection level， water quality status and main influencing factors of water environment. This study takes the Yuejin polders which located in Taihu basin as the research object， uses the graph theory connectivity theorem to evaluate the static base flow connectivity in the study area， furtherly explores the spatial differences and variation characteristics of the connectivity of water systems in the study area. Meanwhile， short term water diversion experiments were carried out， and the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method was used to evaluate the changes of water quality and the response relationship between the water environment and water system connectivity. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has applicability in the analysis of water environment improvement， and could realize a comprehensive analysis of the water quality changes. Water fluidity is an important environmental factor affecting the water quality， and permanganate index is the main influencing factor that leads to the deterioration of water quality in the study area. The water diversion project has a certain continuous improvement effect on the water environment in the polder area， but the improvement effect is limited in the area with poor base flow connectivity.
To improve the environmental improvement effect of water diversion projects， it is necessary to analyze the self connection level， water quality status and main influencing factors of water environment. This study takes the Yuejin polders which located in Taihu basin as the research object， uses the graph theory connectivity theorem to evaluate the static base flow connectivity in the study area， furtherly explores the spatial differences and variation characteristics of the connectivity of water systems in the study area. Meanwhile， short term water diversion experiments were carried out， and the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method was used to evaluate the changes of water quality and the response relationship between the water environment and water system connectivity. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has applicability in the analysis of water environment improvement， and could realize a comprehensive analysis of the water quality changes. Water fluidity is an important environmental factor affecting the water quality， and permanganate index is the main influencing factor that leads to the deterioration of water quality in the study area. The water diversion project has a certain continuous improvement effect on the water environment in the polder area， but the improvement effect is limited in the area with poor base flow connectivity.
2024,16(4):53-62, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Based on the PM2.5 and O3 monitoring data and NCEP-FNL data（i.e geopotential height and u、v wind at 925 hPa） in the fall and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） and the warm season（i.e.，April-October） in the central eastern region of China from 2014 to 2019， typical atmospheric circulation types（CTs） were recognized via T mode PCA classification method. The results showed that during the research period， seventeen CTs affected air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region （YRD region）， and the CTs that were prone to the occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 pollution were furtherly identified. High PM2.5 concentration in autumn and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） were usually related to cold front（AW_CT2） and High Pressure Moving to Sea（AW_CT3 and AW_CT5） weather system. Atmospheric circulation conditions may be conductive for upstream pollutant transport for AW_CT2 and local accumulation for AW_CT3 and AW_CT5 respectively. While high ozone concentration in warm season（i.e.， from April to October） were associated to subtropical high control（Spring_CT1 and Summer_CT1） and uniform pressure field（Summer_CT3 and Autumn_CT2）， but there may be differences in the impacts of meteorological characteristics and photochemical processes for O3 pollution. The O3 polluted days and MDA8 O3 concentrations in the five cities of the YRD region were higher than those controlled by other CTs in the same seasons. Moreover， double high pollution was frequently occurred in Shanghai， Hangzhou and Nanjing under subtropical high control and uniform pressure field.
Based on the PM2.5 and O3 monitoring data and NCEP-FNL data（i.e geopotential height and u、v wind at 925 hPa） in the fall and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） and the warm season（i.e.，April-October） in the central eastern region of China from 2014 to 2019， typical atmospheric circulation types（CTs） were recognized via T mode PCA classification method. The results showed that during the research period， seventeen CTs affected air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region （YRD region）， and the CTs that were prone to the occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 pollution were furtherly identified. High PM2.5 concentration in autumn and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） were usually related to cold front（AW_CT2） and High Pressure Moving to Sea（AW_CT3 and AW_CT5） weather system. Atmospheric circulation conditions may be conductive for upstream pollutant transport for AW_CT2 and local accumulation for AW_CT3 and AW_CT5 respectively. While high ozone concentration in warm season（i.e.， from April to October） were associated to subtropical high control（Spring_CT1 and Summer_CT1） and uniform pressure field（Summer_CT3 and Autumn_CT2）， but there may be differences in the impacts of meteorological characteristics and photochemical processes for O3 pollution. The O3 polluted days and MDA8 O3 concentrations in the five cities of the YRD region were higher than those controlled by other CTs in the same seasons. Moreover， double high pollution was frequently occurred in Shanghai， Hangzhou and Nanjing under subtropical high control and uniform pressure field.
Abstract:
In recent years, Jiangsu Province has taken creative and up to date approaches to promote the development of biodiversity conservation. The awareness of biodiversity and natural ecological protection from government departments to the public has been significantly improved. This paper summarizes the main progress, typical practices and effective experiences of biodiversity conservation management, and analyzes the current status and characteristics of biodiversity in Jiangsu Province. In view of the imperfect system, poor connectivity of typical habitats, weak basic capacity, serious species invasion, and unsolved development conflicts, this paper develops some countermeasures, namely, improving policy system, optimizing ecological space, increasing ecosystem protection and restoration, deepening inventory, building multilevel observation network, strengthening invasive species supervision, exploring sustainable use mechanism and enhancing publicity. It also provides reference and basis for the formulation of biodiversity conservation strategies in Jiangsu.
In recent years, Jiangsu Province has taken creative and up to date approaches to promote the development of biodiversity conservation. The awareness of biodiversity and natural ecological protection from government departments to the public has been significantly improved. This paper summarizes the main progress, typical practices and effective experiences of biodiversity conservation management, and analyzes the current status and characteristics of biodiversity in Jiangsu Province. In view of the imperfect system, poor connectivity of typical habitats, weak basic capacity, serious species invasion, and unsolved development conflicts, this paper develops some countermeasures, namely, improving policy system, optimizing ecological space, increasing ecosystem protection and restoration, deepening inventory, building multilevel observation network, strengthening invasive species supervision, exploring sustainable use mechanism and enhancing publicity. It also provides reference and basis for the formulation of biodiversity conservation strategies in Jiangsu.
Abstract:
In order to judge the degree of ambient air pollution, an online monitoring method of ambient air quality considering the characteristics of road dust is proposed. The data monitoring module collects the atmospheric environment data, and monitors the mass concentration and density of road dust based by total light scattering method. The monitoring results are transmitted to the ECS through the monitoring communication module. The ECS uses the prediction model based on neural network of the extreme learning machine and the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the best online monitoring results of ambient air quality. The results show that when the learning rate of the method is 0.5, the concentration and density of particles can be accurately detected, and the explained variance is less than 2%. At the same time, the diffusion time of dust particles can be monitored to determine the suitable for activity area.
In order to judge the degree of ambient air pollution, an online monitoring method of ambient air quality considering the characteristics of road dust is proposed. The data monitoring module collects the atmospheric environment data, and monitors the mass concentration and density of road dust based by total light scattering method. The monitoring results are transmitted to the ECS through the monitoring communication module. The ECS uses the prediction model based on neural network of the extreme learning machine and the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm to obtain the best online monitoring results of ambient air quality. The results show that when the learning rate of the method is 0.5, the concentration and density of particles can be accurately detected, and the explained variance is less than 2%. At the same time, the diffusion time of dust particles can be monitored to determine the suitable for activity area.
Abstract:
An ultrafiltration (UF) nanofiltration (NF) dual membrane process was applied to treat microplastic (MP) organic compound pollution， aiming at the MP pollution in drinking water source. The purification efficiency of dual membrane system under different influent conditions was systematically studied. The results showed that the UF stage of the system could completely remove 2μm sized polystyrene plastic microspheres， thus providing stable feed condition for NF stage. The effluent quality of the system achieved the expected results. The interaction between MPs and organic matter could promote organic removal in UF stage， which could mitigate NF membrane fouling. The increase of ionic strength could reduce the organic removal rate in UF process. The complexation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with organic matter could significantly increase the membrane fouling degree. The increase of pH value could improve the purification effect of the dual membrane system. The results can provide a reference for the optimization of operation and maintenance system of dual membrane process.
An ultrafiltration (UF) nanofiltration (NF) dual membrane process was applied to treat microplastic (MP) organic compound pollution， aiming at the MP pollution in drinking water source. The purification efficiency of dual membrane system under different influent conditions was systematically studied. The results showed that the UF stage of the system could completely remove 2μm sized polystyrene plastic microspheres， thus providing stable feed condition for NF stage. The effluent quality of the system achieved the expected results. The interaction between MPs and organic matter could promote organic removal in UF stage， which could mitigate NF membrane fouling. The increase of ionic strength could reduce the organic removal rate in UF process. The complexation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ with organic matter could significantly increase the membrane fouling degree. The increase of pH value could improve the purification effect of the dual membrane system. The results can provide a reference for the optimization of operation and maintenance system of dual membrane process.
Abstract:
In recent years, it has become a research hotspot in the field of environmental science to explore new methods for the analysis and detection of organic pollutants in complex environmental media and to establish a rapid screening and confirmation scheme for identifying suspicious and non target compounds in complex environmental matrices. High resolution mass spectrometer (HR-MS) has been widely used in the field of environmental science because of its wider mass range, faster scanning speed and higher sensitivity. This paper summarizes the technical characteristics and working principles of Q-TOF and Q-Orbitrap. Based on the three research strategies of target compound analysis, suspicious compound analysis and non target compound analysis, this paper expounds the application status of HR-MS in the fields of environmental research, drug supervision and metabolite research, and then analyzes the application limitations and development prospects of HR MS in the field of environmental science at this stage.
In recent years, it has become a research hotspot in the field of environmental science to explore new methods for the analysis and detection of organic pollutants in complex environmental media and to establish a rapid screening and confirmation scheme for identifying suspicious and non target compounds in complex environmental matrices. High resolution mass spectrometer (HR-MS) has been widely used in the field of environmental science because of its wider mass range, faster scanning speed and higher sensitivity. This paper summarizes the technical characteristics and working principles of Q-TOF and Q-Orbitrap. Based on the three research strategies of target compound analysis, suspicious compound analysis and non target compound analysis, this paper expounds the application status of HR-MS in the fields of environmental research, drug supervision and metabolite research, and then analyzes the application limitations and development prospects of HR MS in the field of environmental science at this stage.
2024,16(2):22-30, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.004
Abstract:
Using solid phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SPE UPLC MS MS)， 17 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) were analyzed in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants in Guangxi（P1、P2、P3）. The findings revealed 10 PFASs were detected with detection rates ranging from 33.3% to 100%. PFASs concentrations in influent and effluent ranged from 32.0 to 86.4 ng/L and 23.0 to 39.6 ng/L， respectively. Notably， perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)， perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA)， and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) dominated the pollution profile. The anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process exhibited a 49.0% removal efficiency， while the modified sequencing batch reactor(MSBR) achieved 72.2%， and the oxidation ditch process achieved 25.0%. Sewage was the main source of PFASs in influent of P1 and P3， but in influent of P2， the main sources of PFASs were sewage and industrial wastewater. Furthermore， PFDoDA in P1 effluent posed a high ecological risk to fish and water fleas， and a moderate risk to algae， while P2 and P3 effluents showed lower ecological risks to the receiving rivers.
Using solid phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SPE UPLC MS MS)， 17 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) were analyzed in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants in Guangxi（P1、P2、P3）. The findings revealed 10 PFASs were detected with detection rates ranging from 33.3% to 100%. PFASs concentrations in influent and effluent ranged from 32.0 to 86.4 ng/L and 23.0 to 39.6 ng/L， respectively. Notably， perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)， perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA)， and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) dominated the pollution profile. The anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process exhibited a 49.0% removal efficiency， while the modified sequencing batch reactor(MSBR) achieved 72.2%， and the oxidation ditch process achieved 25.0%. Sewage was the main source of PFASs in influent of P1 and P3， but in influent of P2， the main sources of PFASs were sewage and industrial wastewater. Furthermore， PFDoDA in P1 effluent posed a high ecological risk to fish and water fleas， and a moderate risk to algae， while P2 and P3 effluents showed lower ecological risks to the receiving rivers.
2023,15(4):45-51, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2023.04.007
Abstract:
The hydrodynamic condition of Nanjing section of the Yangtze River is complex， making it difficult to predict the impact of sudden pollution accidents on downstream drinking water sources. Sudden pollution accidents under different runoff tide powers are simulated to analyze the impact on the water sources based on a two dimensional hydrodynamic quality coupled numerical model of Nanjing section of the Yangtze River. The results show that the runoff effect is strong in flood seasons， and the diffusion rate of the pollution cluster is weakly affected by the tide. The influence duration of the pollution cluster in each water source is basically close， about 2.5～3.5 h. The effect of runoff in dry seasons weakens， and the diffusion rate of pollution cluster is affected more by the tide. Downstream is affected more by the tide and the influence duration of each water source shows in the order as follows： Jiangpu water source < Yanziji water source< Longtan water source. The pollutant concentration in dry seasons is greater than that in flood seasons， pollutant concentration in flood seasons decreases with the increase of distance. The flow velocity in dry season is affected by tide， and the dilution effect of runoff is weakened， making the pollutant concentration after the diversion of Baguazhou slightly smaller than concentration transmitted downstream.
The hydrodynamic condition of Nanjing section of the Yangtze River is complex， making it difficult to predict the impact of sudden pollution accidents on downstream drinking water sources. Sudden pollution accidents under different runoff tide powers are simulated to analyze the impact on the water sources based on a two dimensional hydrodynamic quality coupled numerical model of Nanjing section of the Yangtze River. The results show that the runoff effect is strong in flood seasons， and the diffusion rate of the pollution cluster is weakly affected by the tide. The influence duration of the pollution cluster in each water source is basically close， about 2.5～3.5 h. The effect of runoff in dry seasons weakens， and the diffusion rate of pollution cluster is affected more by the tide. Downstream is affected more by the tide and the influence duration of each water source shows in the order as follows： Jiangpu water source < Yanziji water source< Longtan water source. The pollutant concentration in dry seasons is greater than that in flood seasons， pollutant concentration in flood seasons decreases with the increase of distance. The flow velocity in dry season is affected by tide， and the dilution effect of runoff is weakened， making the pollutant concentration after the diversion of Baguazhou slightly smaller than concentration transmitted downstream.
2024,16(1):87-93, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.014
Abstract:
Xinfengjiang Reservoir is a typical large scale oligotrophic subtropical reservoir in southern China. The investigation on the seasonal and vertical dynamics of water temperature， dissolved oxygen (DO)， pH value， total phosphorus (TP)， total nitrogen (TN)， permanganate index (IMn) and chlorophyll a (Chl.a) was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in order to find out the seasonal stratification characteristics of Xinfengjiang Reservoir. Results showed that the reservoir had a significant seasonal thermal stratification in summer and autumn， and the thermal stratification period was during May to the end of October， and the mixed period were during January to April and during November to December. Thermal stratification had influences on vertical distribution of DO， pH value， TN，IMn and Chl.a. Strong stratification of DO and seasonal hypoxia didn't appear，the DO value of surface water was higher than class I level (7.5 mg/L) set by “Environmental quality standards for surface water”(GB 3838—2002) ， but the DO value of thermocline layer descended from Class I to Class Ⅱ—Ⅲ. It indicates that it may face potential ecological risks， which is not conducive to the stability of the aquatic ecological environment system.
Xinfengjiang Reservoir is a typical large scale oligotrophic subtropical reservoir in southern China. The investigation on the seasonal and vertical dynamics of water temperature， dissolved oxygen (DO)， pH value， total phosphorus (TP)， total nitrogen (TN)， permanganate index (IMn) and chlorophyll a (Chl.a) was conducted from March 2020 to February 2021 in order to find out the seasonal stratification characteristics of Xinfengjiang Reservoir. Results showed that the reservoir had a significant seasonal thermal stratification in summer and autumn， and the thermal stratification period was during May to the end of October， and the mixed period were during January to April and during November to December. Thermal stratification had influences on vertical distribution of DO， pH value， TN，IMn and Chl.a. Strong stratification of DO and seasonal hypoxia didn't appear，the DO value of surface water was higher than class I level (7.5 mg/L) set by “Environmental quality standards for surface water”(GB 3838—2002) ， but the DO value of thermocline layer descended from Class I to Class Ⅱ—Ⅲ. It indicates that it may face potential ecological risks， which is not conducive to the stability of the aquatic ecological environment system.
Abstract:
Based on the ground observation from 6 stations along the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan during 2015—2020 and the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data in 2019, the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were investigated, by using the correlation and trend analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) The NO2 concentration presents a decreasing tendency during 2015—2020, particularly obvious during 2018—2020. NO2concentration is the highest in Urumqi and the lowest in Bole. (2) In terms of annual cycle, the monthly mean NO2 concentration is characterized by a “U” type, reaching the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. (3) As for diurnal cycle, the NO2 concentration presents a significant double peak distribution, occurring at 10:00 in the morning and 23:00 at night, respectively. (4) From the spatial distribution, high values of NO2 column are located at those densely populated and industrially developed urban regions, particularly in the cities of Urumqi, Changji, Wujiaqu, Shihezi.
Based on the ground observation from 6 stations along the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan during 2015—2020 and the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data in 2019, the spatial temporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were investigated, by using the correlation and trend analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) The NO2 concentration presents a decreasing tendency during 2015—2020, particularly obvious during 2018—2020. NO2concentration is the highest in Urumqi and the lowest in Bole. (2) In terms of annual cycle, the monthly mean NO2 concentration is characterized by a “U” type, reaching the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. (3) As for diurnal cycle, the NO2 concentration presents a significant double peak distribution, occurring at 10:00 in the morning and 23:00 at night, respectively. (4) From the spatial distribution, high values of NO2 column are located at those densely populated and industrially developed urban regions, particularly in the cities of Urumqi, Changji, Wujiaqu, Shihezi.
Abstract:
To study the occurrence and sources of n alkanes in soils in Nanning， 48 soil samples were collected within Nanning in June 2021， and the n alkane content in surface soils was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)， and the distribution characteristics and sources of n alkanes were analyzed in detail The results showed that the carbon chains of n alkanes ranged from C12 to C35， and the mass fractions of ∑24 n alkanes ranged from 3.93 to 131.02 μg/g， among which C31 had the highest mass fraction， and the high carbon n alkanes above C22 had obvious odd even dominance， reflecting the characteristics of typical higher plant sources The results of carbon dominance index and other parameters showed that the n alkanes in the soil mainly came from terrestrial higher plants and generally woody plants > herbaceous plants， with a small portion of possible petroleum contamination The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that C29 to C35 were homologous and mainly influenced by plant leaf wax (41.36%)， C24 and C25 were mainly from aquatic plants (27.88%)， and C16 and C18 were probably the result of the combined effect of bacterial and petroleum compound emissions (21.49%) Based on the contribution weights of the samples in the PCA， it was concluded that 63.6% of the samples with possible petroleum compound inputs were from cultivated land， 273% from forest land and 9.1% from garden land， and the main anthropogenic sources of n alkanes in the soils of the study area could be influenced by emissions from agricultural machinery and by traffic emissions near the road perimeter.
To study the occurrence and sources of n alkanes in soils in Nanning， 48 soil samples were collected within Nanning in June 2021， and the n alkane content in surface soils was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS)， and the distribution characteristics and sources of n alkanes were analyzed in detail The results showed that the carbon chains of n alkanes ranged from C12 to C35， and the mass fractions of ∑24 n alkanes ranged from 3.93 to 131.02 μg/g， among which C31 had the highest mass fraction， and the high carbon n alkanes above C22 had obvious odd even dominance， reflecting the characteristics of typical higher plant sources The results of carbon dominance index and other parameters showed that the n alkanes in the soil mainly came from terrestrial higher plants and generally woody plants > herbaceous plants， with a small portion of possible petroleum contamination The results of principal component analysis (PCA) showed that C29 to C35 were homologous and mainly influenced by plant leaf wax (41.36%)， C24 and C25 were mainly from aquatic plants (27.88%)， and C16 and C18 were probably the result of the combined effect of bacterial and petroleum compound emissions (21.49%) Based on the contribution weights of the samples in the PCA， it was concluded that 63.6% of the samples with possible petroleum compound inputs were from cultivated land， 273% from forest land and 9.1% from garden land， and the main anthropogenic sources of n alkanes in the soils of the study area could be influenced by emissions from agricultural machinery and by traffic emissions near the road perimeter.
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Abstract:
In this paper, marine photobacterium phosphoreum were used as test organisms to research the single and combined toxic effects of erythromycin, roxithromycin and acetylspiramycin. The joint toxicity was evaluated by three common evaluating methods. The results showed that EC50 of the single toxic effects of three antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum were: 0.725 9×10-3, 1.207 8×10-3 and 0.633×10-3 mol/L respectively. The toxic effect of the binary mixed system on photobacterium phosphoreum ranged as follows: erythromycin + acetylspiramycin > erythromycin + roxithromycin > roxithromycin + acetylspiramycin. The toxic effect types varied with different substituents of each antibiotic which affect the physiological and biochemical process of microbes. Of the evaluating methods, Toxic Unit method showed higher value and was most sensitive. Studying the toxic effects of macrolide antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum can provide basic data for environmental risk assessment.
In this paper, marine photobacterium phosphoreum were used as test organisms to research the single and combined toxic effects of erythromycin, roxithromycin and acetylspiramycin. The joint toxicity was evaluated by three common evaluating methods. The results showed that EC50 of the single toxic effects of three antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum were: 0.725 9×10-3, 1.207 8×10-3 and 0.633×10-3 mol/L respectively. The toxic effect of the binary mixed system on photobacterium phosphoreum ranged as follows: erythromycin + acetylspiramycin > erythromycin + roxithromycin > roxithromycin + acetylspiramycin. The toxic effect types varied with different substituents of each antibiotic which affect the physiological and biochemical process of microbes. Of the evaluating methods, Toxic Unit method showed higher value and was most sensitive. Studying the toxic effects of macrolide antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum can provide basic data for environmental risk assessment.
Abstract:
In this paper, the existing quantitative analysis methods of microplastics（visual method, spectroscopic method and thermal analysis） are comprehensively explained from two different quantitative perspectives of quantity concentration and mass concentration. Among them, the visual method is simple to operate but has low accuracy, the spectroscopic method has high accuracy but takes long time, and the thermal analysis method is simple and fast but not conducive to traceability analysis. On the basis of the systematic review, the future research directions that need in depth research are summarized and prospected.
In this paper, the existing quantitative analysis methods of microplastics（visual method, spectroscopic method and thermal analysis） are comprehensively explained from two different quantitative perspectives of quantity concentration and mass concentration. Among them, the visual method is simple to operate but has low accuracy, the spectroscopic method has high accuracy but takes long time, and the thermal analysis method is simple and fast but not conducive to traceability analysis. On the basis of the systematic review, the future research directions that need in depth research are summarized and prospected.
Abstract:
This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
Abstract:
A one dimensional coupling numerical model of water quantity and quality was established for Yincun port rivers, one of the main river entering Taihu Lake, and the response relationship between the pollution load flux and the water quality of the control section was also established. Based on the water quality and pollution load of Yincun port river in 2020, in order to reach class III for water quality of Yincun port river, the water quality changes were simulated. The simulated results showed that the maximum concentrations of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus in Yincun port river have been significantly reduced, in which ammonia nitrogen concentration process are relatively large, and the reduction of ammonia nitrogen concentration was mainly concentrated in March to June; at the same time, combined with water quantity, the river pollution load of the permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus into Yincun port river are further deduced, reducing 24.17, 41.43 and 3.87 t respectively. Based on the calculated reduction, it is necessary to further combine the pollution load flux process and pollution source traceability analysis to determine the control direction of pollution load into the river for different water quality indexes, so as to provide scientific basis for scientific and reasonable planning of total pollution load control of main pollutants into the river in Yincun port.
A one dimensional coupling numerical model of water quantity and quality was established for Yincun port rivers, one of the main river entering Taihu Lake, and the response relationship between the pollution load flux and the water quality of the control section was also established. Based on the water quality and pollution load of Yincun port river in 2020, in order to reach class III for water quality of Yincun port river, the water quality changes were simulated. The simulated results showed that the maximum concentrations of permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus in Yincun port river have been significantly reduced, in which ammonia nitrogen concentration process are relatively large, and the reduction of ammonia nitrogen concentration was mainly concentrated in March to June; at the same time, combined with water quantity, the river pollution load of the permanganate index, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus into Yincun port river are further deduced, reducing 24.17, 41.43 and 3.87 t respectively. Based on the calculated reduction, it is necessary to further combine the pollution load flux process and pollution source traceability analysis to determine the control direction of pollution load into the river for different water quality indexes, so as to provide scientific basis for scientific and reasonable planning of total pollution load control of main pollutants into the river in Yincun port.
Abstract:
To study the relationship between the content of cadmium in wheat and soil in an agricultural park in central Jiangsu, multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the fitting model for Cd content in wheat grain based on a total of 40 soil and wheat samples. The results showed that soil in the study area was neutral to slightly acidic. The total Cd content in soil ranged from 0.083 to 0.239 mg/kg, with an average of 0.152 mg/kg, and was lower than the soil risk control value in the national standard Soil Environment Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618—2018), resulting in a low soil pollution risk．According to the limit value of heavy metal Cd in wheat(0.1 mg/kg) from the standard Food Safety National Standards for Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762—2017), the over standard rate of Cd in wheat grain was 10%. The content of Cd in wheat grain is mainly controlled by the Cd content of the surface soil, and is also affected by the content of available soil elements such as Mo, Pb, As, Ca and Cd. In addition, it is also affected by the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as pH and soil organic matter.
To study the relationship between the content of cadmium in wheat and soil in an agricultural park in central Jiangsu, multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the fitting model for Cd content in wheat grain based on a total of 40 soil and wheat samples. The results showed that soil in the study area was neutral to slightly acidic. The total Cd content in soil ranged from 0.083 to 0.239 mg/kg, with an average of 0.152 mg/kg, and was lower than the soil risk control value in the national standard Soil Environment Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (GB 15618—2018), resulting in a low soil pollution risk．According to the limit value of heavy metal Cd in wheat(0.1 mg/kg) from the standard Food Safety National Standards for Contaminants in Foods (GB 2762—2017), the over standard rate of Cd in wheat grain was 10%. The content of Cd in wheat grain is mainly controlled by the Cd content of the surface soil, and is also affected by the content of available soil elements such as Mo, Pb, As, Ca and Cd. In addition, it is also affected by the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as pH and soil organic matter.
Abstract:
For noise monitoring, especially non-steady noise monitoring, how to take field measurements is always the greatest difficulty. This paper introduces a practice of measuring non-steady noise exposure in a stimulated field of a gym making a lot of noise, under the approval of the Court.It focuses on the difficulties and problems for non-steady noise monitoring; offers solutions for noise disputes, including avoiding disputes from the source, increasing sound insulation materials, increasing vibration and noise reduction measures, and improving relevant standards. It provides a reference for the confirmation of field conditions in non-steady noise monitoring.
For noise monitoring, especially non-steady noise monitoring, how to take field measurements is always the greatest difficulty. This paper introduces a practice of measuring non-steady noise exposure in a stimulated field of a gym making a lot of noise, under the approval of the Court.It focuses on the difficulties and problems for non-steady noise monitoring; offers solutions for noise disputes, including avoiding disputes from the source, increasing sound insulation materials, increasing vibration and noise reduction measures, and improving relevant standards. It provides a reference for the confirmation of field conditions in non-steady noise monitoring.
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