长江口鳗苗定置网多样性调查

陈昱颖; 王晓东; 施金金; 赵度宾; 陆天宇; 刘企昂; 钟俊生; 汤建华; 熊天舒

引用本文:	CHEN Yuying,WANG Xiaodong,SHI Jinjin,ZHAO Dubin,LU Tianyu,LIU Qi'ang,ZHONG Junsheng,TANG Jianhua,XIONG Tianshu.A Survey on Species Diversity in Elver Nets in Yangtze River Estuary[J].Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2024,16(5):94~102

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长江口鳗苗定置网多样性调查
陈昱颖¹，王晓东^1*，施金金²，赵度宾¹，陆天宇¹，刘企昂¹，钟俊生¹，汤建华²，熊天舒³
1.上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室，上海 201306；2.江苏省海洋水产研究所，江苏南通 226000；3.南京外国语学校，江苏南京 210018

摘要:

为探明长江十年禁渔工作实施后长江口鳗苗定置网兼捕鱼类种类组成，于2023年2—4月在长江口禁捕区北界外海域（31°42′—31°43′N，122°10′—122°16′E），收集鳗苗定置网内渔获物118网次。共采集到兼捕鱼类5 482尾，隶属25科47属64种。其中，海洋性鱼类26种，河口性鱼类31种，洄游性鱼类5种，淡水性鱼类2种。发育阶段包括从后弯曲期到成鱼期，其中幼鱼最多，占总兼捕鱼类尾数的52.39%，其次是稚鱼，占23.61%。相对重要性指数（IRI）分析结果表明，优势种为矛尾虾虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）和拉氏狼牙虾虎鱼（Odontamblyopus lacepedii）；重要种为刀鲚（Coilia nasus）、大银鱼（Protosalanx hyalocranius）、安氏新银鱼（Neosalanx anderssoni）、莱氏舌鳎（Cynoglossus lighti）、鲻（Mugil cephalus）、赤鼻棱鳀（Thryssa kammalensis）、陈氏新银鱼（Neosalanx tangkahkeii）、凤鲚（Coilia mystus）、棘头梅童鱼（Collichthys lucidus）；以上11种鱼类占总兼捕鱼类尾数的84.77%，占总兼捕鱼类重量的87.51%。兼捕鱼类数量2月最高，4月最低，渔获物重量也呈相同趋势。渔获物中兼捕经济鱼类共47种，平均每网44.13尾。采集鳗苗1 363尾，平均每采集1尾鳗苗，兼捕经济鱼类3.82尾。结果表明，鳗苗定置网对非目标兼捕鱼类以及一些经济性鱼类的早期资源存在严重损害。

关键词: 长江口鳗苗网兼捕鱼类鳗苗种类组成

DOI：DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.05.016

分类号:S972

基金项目:江苏省生态环境监测科研基金（2326）

A Survey on Species Diversity in Elver Nets in Yangtze River Estuary

CHEN Yuying¹，WANG Xiaodong^1*， SHI Jinjin²， ZHAO Dubin¹， LU Tianyu¹， LIU Qi'ang¹， ZHONG Junsheng¹，TANG Jianhua²， XIONG Tianshu³

1.Shanghai Universities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Evolution， Shanghai Ocean University， Shanghai 201306，China； 2.Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute， Nantong， Jiangsu 226000，China； 3.Nanjing foreign Language School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018， China

Abstract:

In order to explore the species composition of elver nets in the Yangtze River Estuary after the Yangtze River fishing ban， a total of 118 elver nets were collected in the waters outside the northern boundary of the Yangtze River Estuary Fishing Ban Area（31°42′N—31°43′N，122°10′E—122°16′E） from February to April 2023. A total of 5 482 bycatch fish were collected， belonging to 25 families， 47 genera， and 64 species. Among them， there were 26 species of marine fish， 31 species of estuarine fish， 5 species of migratory fish， and 2 species of freshwater fish. The developmental stages included from the post-flexion stage to the adult stage， of which fish larvae accounted for 52.39% of the total number of bycatch fish， followed by juvenile fish 23.61%. According to the relative importance index（IRI） analysis results， the dominant species were Chaeturichthys stigmatias and Odontamblyopus lacepedii . The important species were Coilia nasus， Protosalanx hyalocranius， Neosalanx anderssoni，Cynoglossus lighti，Mugil cephalus， Thryssa kammalensis，Neosalanx tangkahkeii ，Coilia mystus ， and Collichthys lucidus. These 11 species accounted for 84.77% of the total number of bycatch fish， accounting for 87.51% of the total weight of bycatch fish. The number of bycatch fish was the highest in February， lowest in April. The weight of collected fish showed same tendency. There were 47 economic fish collected， 44.13 ind./net. In addition， 1 363 larval eels were collected. One larval eel in each 3.82 economic fish was collected. The results showed that the elver nets not only causes damage to target fish， but also caused serious damage to bycatch fish， as well as individuals in the early development stages of some economic fish.

Key words: Yangtze Riverestuary Elver net Bycatch fish Larval eel Species composition